Rulus. ROSACE JE. 171 



on short bracteate peduncles in spikes ^ to 2 inches long : calyx-lobes silky, exceed- 

 ing the tube and nearly equalling the spatulate petals : hlaments and styles exserted : 

 carpels 3 to 8 (as many as the lobes of the calyx), somewhat villous or glabrous, 

 2-seeded. Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 412; Watson, Bot. King Exp. 81. 



In the mountains from New Mexico and Utah to Northern Nevada ( IVatson) and the Cascade 

 Mountains, Oregon (Newbcrry) ; probably in Northern California. A singular subalpine species. 



S. PECTINATA, Torr. & Gray. A low herbaceous cespitose nearly glabrous perennial, with creep- 

 ing stems and erect leafy branches : leaves rigid, attenuate-linear below, twice or thrice 3-cleft, the 

 lobes acute, narrow, spreading : raceme short, simple or compound, pubescent : calyx-lobes ex- 

 ceeding the tube, nearly equalling the white obovate petals : filaments included : carpels 4 to 

 6, nearly smooth, 4-6-seeded. Fl. i. 417. Lutkea sibbaldioidcs, Bongard, Veg. Sitcha, 130, 

 t. 2. Eriogynia pectinata, Hook. Fl. i. 255, t. 88. From Behring Straits to the Cascade Moun- 

 tains (Newberry}, and perhaps on the higher mountains of Northern California. 



4. NEILLIA, Don. NINE-BARK. 



Carpels 1 to o, in our species inflated and divergent : ovules two to several, some 

 ascending, some pendulous : seeds obovoid or subglobose, with a smooth and shining 

 crustaceous testa, evident rhaphe, and copious albumen : otherwise as Spiraea. 

 Diffuse shrubs ; leaves simple, toothed or lobed ; stipules rather large, deciduous ; 

 flowers large, white, in simple corymbs or panicled racemes. 



Only 4 or 5 species, confined to the mountains of Asia, with the following exceptions. 



1. N. opulifolia, Benth. & Hook. A shrub 3 to 10 feet high, with slender 

 spreading or recurved branches and ash-colored shreddy bark : leaves ovate or often 

 cordate, 3-lobed and toothed, 1 to 3 inches long, on slender petioles, nearly gla- 

 brous : flowers on long slender pedicels in simple umbel-like hemispherical tomentose 

 corymbs : calyx-lobes shorter than the rounded petals, usually pubescent on both 

 sides : carpels 2 to 5, at length 2 to 4 lines long and membranaceous, glabrous, 

 2 - 4-seeded : seeds oblong-ovate, a line long. Spiraea opulifolia, Linn. 



Var. xnollis, Hook. Leaves somewhat stellate-pubescent beneath, and inflores- 

 cence more densely tomentose. Fl. i. 171. Spiraea capitata, Pursh. 



On the rocky banks of streams from the Bay of San Francisco northward to British America, 

 and eastward across the continent. Another species, N. Torrcyi, Watson, with smaller leaves 

 and flowers, and tomentose ovaries, is found from the East Humboldt Mts., Nevada, to Colorado. 



5. BTJBUS, Linn. RASPBERRY. BLACKBERRY. 



Calyx persistent, 5-lobed, without bractlets ; tube short and open. Petals 5, con- 

 spicuous. Stamens numerous. Carpels usually numerous upon a convex receptacle, 

 becoming small globose 1-seeded drupes : styles nearly terminal : ovules 2, pen- 

 dulous : putamen reticulately pitted. Perennial herbs or somewhat woody, erect or 

 trailing, often prickly ; leaves simple or pinriately 3 - 7-foliolate, with stipules adnate 

 to the petioles; flowers white or reddish, in panicles or corymbs, or solitary; fruit 

 usually edible, black, red, or yellowish. 



A large genus of nearly 500 described species, reducible to half as many, widely distributed 

 over the globe ; 20 or more are North American. The species are variable and often of difficult 

 determination. Two Californian species are cultivated abroad for ornament, but none for fruit. 

 The Garden Raspberry is the European R. Idceus, Linn., which the R. strigosus, Michx., of the 

 Eastern States and Rocky Mountains, approaches very closely. The cultivated Blackberries are 

 mostly forms of R. villosus, Ait. , of the Atlantic States. 



1. Fruit with a bloom, separating from the receptacle tvhen ripe. EASPBERRY. 

 * Leaves simple, palmately lobed : stem soft-woody, loithout prickles : flowers large. 



1. R. Nutkanus, Mogino. (SALMON-BERRY.) Stems erect or drooping, 3 to 8 

 feet high ; bark green and smooth or more or less glandular-pubescent, becoming 



