Amelanchier. ROSACES. 189 



On hanks of streams, from Sonoma Co. (Bigelow] and northward (BoJandcr, Kellogrf) to Alaska. 

 In Oregon it sometimes becomes a foot in diameter, hut more usually is low, forming dense and 

 almost impenetrable thickets. The wood is very hard, and the fruit is used as food by the In- 

 dians. There are some discrepancies in the descriptions of the color and size of the fruit. Nut- 

 tall speaks of it as small and purple. 



2. Leaves pinnate : styles distinct, villous at base : fruit berry-like, small, globose or 

 turbinate : cymes compound. SORBUS. 



2. P. sambucifolia, Cham. & Schlecht. (WESTERN MOUNTAIN ASH.) A 

 shrub, 4 to 8 feet high, nearly glabrous ; the leaf-buds and inflorescence usually 

 sparingly villous : leaflets 4 to 6 pairs, oblong, acute, sharply serrate with some- 

 what spreading teeth, an inch or two long : cymes rather flat : flowers white, 4 or 5 

 lines broad : fruit red, globose, about 4 lines in diameter. Linnasa, ii. 36 ; Gray, 

 Manual, 161. Sorbus sambucifolia & Sitchensis, Kcemer, Syn. Monog. iii. 139. 



In the Sierra Nevada at 6,000 to 10,000 feet altitude, on the Big Tree road and Ebbett's Pass 

 (Brewer), and northward to Sitka ; in the higher mountains eastward to Colorado, and through 

 British America to the Atlantic : also in Kamtschatka. The eastern P. Americana, DC., has 

 more acuminate leaflets with less spreading serratures, smaller fruit in more rounded cymes, and 

 glabrous leaf-buds. The more common species in cultivation is the European P. Aucuparia, 

 Gsertner. 



26. CRAT.SJGUS, Linn. THORN. 



Calyx-tube pitcher-shaped ; the limb 5-parted. Petals 5, spreading. Stamens 5 

 to 20. Carpels 2 to 5, inferior, becoming bony 1-seeded nutlets, contiguous or 

 united : styles slender, distinct : ovules 2, ascending. Fruit drupe-like, globose or 

 ovoid. Shrubs or small trees, mostly thorny ; leaves simple, toothed or lobed ; 

 flowers corymbose, mostly white. 



A genus of 30 or more species, about half of which are North American and Mexican, the rest 

 (excepting one in New Grenada) belonging to Europe and N. Asia. Many of the species are of 

 very difficult limitation, and the characters of the Califomian species are still in some doubt. 



1. C. rivularis, Nutt. A shrub or small tree, 10 to 15 feet high, glabrous 

 throughout or nearly so : spines short and stout : leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, ob- 

 tuse or acute, cuneate at base into a short slender petiole, serrate more or less irreg- 

 ularly, but rarely at all lobed, 1 or 2 inches long : flowers 4 or 5 lines broad, in 

 small corymbs : calyx-lobes short and obtuse, often purplish and slightly pubescent 

 on the margin : fruit nearly black, probably rather smaller than in the next. Torr. 

 & Gray, Fl. i. 464 ; Nutt. Sylva, ii. 9. 



Sierra and Plumas counties (Mrs. Ames, Lemmori), and northward to the Columbia. 



2. C. Douglasii, Liudl. A shrub or small tree, becoming 18 to 25 feet high, 

 with stout spines an inch long or less : leaves broadly ovate, cuneate or sometimes 

 rounded at base, acute, usually somewhat lobed or incised above, rather finely ser- 

 rate, somewhat villous-pubescent on both sides, 1 to 3 inches long, shortly petioled : 

 flowers often numerous, 5 to 8 lines broad : calyx-lobes lanceolate, nearly as long as 

 the tube, more or less pubescent : fruit dark purple, nearly half an inch in diameter, 

 sweet and edible. Bot. Reg. t. 1810. C. sanguinea, var. Douglasii, Torr. & Gray, 

 Fl. i. 464 ; Nutt. Sylva, ii. 6, t. 44. Anthomeles Douglasii, Roemer, Syn. Monog. 

 iii. 140. 



On Pit River (Brewer), and northward to the British boundary. Both these species are 

 apparently common through Oregon and Washington Territory, on stream-banks, ranging east- 

 ward to Montana. The species of Colorado and Utah, which has been referred to C. rivularis, 

 is probably distinct. 



27. AMELANCHIEB, Medicus. JUNE-BERRY. SERVICE-BERRY. 



Calyx-tube carnpanulate ; the limb 5-parted, persistent. Petals 5, oblong, ascend- 

 ing. Stamens 20, short. Carpels 3 to 5, inferior, becoming mernbranaceous and 



