256 UMBELLIFER.E. Sanicula. 



in irregularly compound few-rayed umbels, involucrate with sessile leafy usually 

 toothed bracts, the bracts of the involucels small and entire. 



A genus of a few scattered species, more than half of them native of North America, and of 

 these only two are confined to the region east of the Rocky Mountains. The Californian species 

 are chiefly limited to the Coast Ranges and are peculiar in their habit, small fruit, &c. 



* Leaves palmately divided, the lobes toothed, or lacerate, or pinnatifid with decur- 

 rent segments : rootstocks thickened. 



-t- Mature fruit shortly pedicellate : flowers yellow. 



1. S. arctopoides, Hook. & Am. Stems very short, with several divergent 

 scape-like branches, often much exceeding the leaves (3 to 6 inches long), each bear- 

 ing an umbel of 1 to 3 elongated rays : leaves deeply 3-lobed, the cuneate divisions 

 once or twice laciniately cleft, with lanceolate acute spreading segments : involucre 

 of 1 or 2 similar leaflets : heads large, 3 to 6 lines in diameter, with conspicuous 

 involucels of 8 to 10 narrowly oblanceolate mostly entire bracts : fruit shortly 

 pedicellate, 1-J- lines long, naked at base, strongly armed above. Bot. Beechey. 

 141 ; Hook. Fl. i. 258, t. 91. 



About San Francisco and eastward in the Sacramento Valley, in the plains and on diy hillsides. 

 Strongly marked by its low scape-like branches, large involucels, and laciniately lobed leaves ; 

 plant yellowish green. The figure in Hook. Fl. represents the species poorly, and but for the 

 large solitary head might be supposed to be from a low form of S. laciniata. 



2. S. Menziesii, Hook. & Arn. Stem solitary, erect, 1 to 2^ feet high, branch- 

 ing: leaves rounded-cordate, 2 or 3 inches broad, very deeply 3-5-lobed ; the broad 

 lobes sharply toothed or somewhat cleft and the teeth tipped with slender bristles ; 

 upper leaves more narrowly lobed and laciniately toothed : umbel of 3 or 4 slender 

 rays ; involucre often small, of 2 or 3 narrow leaflets, the involucels of 6 to 8 lan- 

 ceolate entire bracts a line or two long : sterile flowers nearly sessile : fruit 4 to 8 

 in each head, becoming distinctly pedicellate and divergent, obovate, a line long or 

 more, covered with hooked prickles. Bot. Beechey, 142 ; Hook. Fl. i. 258, t. 90. 



In shaded woods from Santa Clara County to the British boundary. 



-t- -i- Fruit sessile. 



3. S. Nevadensis, Watson. Stem very short, the peduncles mostly from the 

 base, 1 to 6 inches long : leaves ternate, the divisions oblong-ovate, 3-5-lobed ; the 

 segments lobed or toothed : involucre pinnatifid and toothed, a half to an inch long : 

 rays about 5, sometimes branched, 2 to 5 lines long in flower, becoming \ to \\ 

 inches long ; involucels somewhat one-sided, of several oblong acute bracts more or 

 less united at base : flowers yellow, the sterile equalling the pedicels : fruit covered 

 with stout hooked prickles. Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 139. 



Indian Valley, Plumas County, Mrs. M. E. P. Ames, 1874 ; Lemmon. 



4. S. laciniata, Hook. & Arn. With the habit of S. Menziesii : leaves cordate 

 or triangular, 3-parted, the divisions laciniately 1 - 2-pinnatifid and the segments 

 laciniately toothed ; the teeth spinosely pointed : flowers yellow : mature heads 

 small, globose ; the numerous fruit naked at base, hooked-bristly above. Bot. 

 Beechey, 347. -S'. nudicaulis, Hook. & Arn. 1. c. 



From San Diego to Humboldt County. A form is collected at San Diego and on the Buena- 

 ventura with larger heads of flowers and the divisions of the leaves more oblong ; perhaps dis- 

 tinct, but the fruit is unknown. 



5. S. bipinnatifida, Dougl. Erect, a foot high or less, with usually a pair of 

 opposite leaves at base and 1 to 3 leav^ above : leaves long-petioled, triangular to 

 oblong in outline, 2 or 3 inches long, pinnately 3 - 5-lobed ; the segments distant, 

 incisely toothed or lobed, decurrent on the toothed rachis ; teeth spinose-pointed or 

 only acute : umbel with usually 3 or 4 elongated rays, the cleft involucre lateral : 



