Sambucus. CAPRIFOLIACE^. 277 



DIVISION II. GAMOPETAL^E. (By A. GRAY.) 



Floral envelopes both present ; the petals more or less united into a gamopeta- 

 lous (otherwise called monopetalous) corolla. 



ORDER XLVIII. CAPRIPOLIACE.aE. 



Distinguished generally by having opposite leaves without stipules, an inferior 

 2 - 5-celled ovary, and 4 or 5 equal stamens borne on the tube of the corolla, as 

 many as the lobes of the latter (in a single instance one fewer) and alternate with 

 them. Flowers perfect. Corolla 4 - 5-cleft, sometimes irregular ; the lobes im- 

 bricated in the bud. Stamens distinct. Ovary 2 - 5-celled, or not rarely by abor- 

 tion becoming one-celled : ovules either solitary and suspended or more numer- 

 ous, anatropous. Fruit a berry, drupe, or capsule. Embryo small, commonly 

 minute, in fleshy albumen. Shrubs, or rarely herbs, with a colorless juice and 

 no very active sensible properties, normally destitute of stipules, but in several 

 species these, or appendages resembling them, appear : the inflorescence generally 

 cymose. 



A family of about a dozen genera and 200 species, of small economical importance (except as 

 affording Honeysuckles and some other plants for ornamental cultivation), mainly indigenous to 

 the northern temperate zone, rather feebly represented in California. 



TRIBE I. SAMBUCE^E. Corolla wheel-shaped or open bell-shaped, regular. Style short and 

 2 - 5-parted, or as many sessile stigmas. Ovules solitary in the cells, suspended. Fruit a 

 berry-like drupe. 



1. Sambucus. Leaves pinnate. Seed-like nutlets of the berry-like fruit 3 to 5. 



2. Viburnum. Leaves simple. Nutlet of berry-like drupe only one, flattened. 



TRIBE II. LONICEREJE. Corolla from bell-shaped to tubular, often irregular. Style elon- 

 gated, entire : stigma capitate. Leaves simple, mostly entire, but occasionally sinuate- 

 toothed or pinnatiM on some vigorous shoots. 



3. Linnaea. Corolla obscurely irregular, 5-lobed. Stamens 4, unequal. Ovary 3-celled, two of 



the cells containing several imperfect ovules, the third a solitary fertile ovule. Fruit 

 dry, 1- seeded. 



4. Symphoricarpus. Corolla regular or nearly so, 4 - 5-lobed. Stamens as many as the lobes. 



Ovary 4-celled ; but the berry-like fruit only 2-seeded. 



5. Lonicera. Corolla more or less irregular, commonly 2-lipped (f ). Stamens 5. Ovary and 



berry 2 - 3-celled, several-seeded. 



1. SAMBUCUS, Tourn. ELDER. 



Calyx with 5 minute teeth. Corolla wheel-shaped or open urn-shaped, regularly 

 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Stigmas and cells of the ovary 3 to 5. " Berries," really 

 drupes, small and globose, juicy, containing usually 3 (rarely 4 or 5) separate seed- 

 like nutlets, each filled by a single seed. Shrubs, or even small trees, or some 

 nearly herbaceous, their rank and thick shoots filled by a large pith, the herbage 

 with a heavy odor. Leaves pinnately 5- 11-foliolate : leaflets serrate, occasionally 

 incised or even divided, acuminate, sometimes stipellate. Flowers small and very 

 numerous, in compound cymes, in ours white. 



