278 CAPRIFOLIACE.E. Sambucus. 



1. S. glauca, Xutt. Arborescent, glabrous, or often somewhat pubescent with 

 short and stiti' spreading hairs : leaflets 3 to 9, of firm texture, ovate or lanceolate, 

 sharply serrate with rigid spreading teeth : cyme flat, 5 -parted : fruit black, biit very 

 glaucous, so appearing to be white : nutlets obscurely rugose : pith of shoots white. 



Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 13. 



Common throughout the State, and north and east of it ; 6 to 1 8 feet high, sometimes with 

 trunk 6 to 12 inches in diameter. Not easy to distinguish from S. niyra of Europe except by the 

 whitened fruit. It well may be S. Mexicana, Presl, to which it^ was referred by Torrey in Pacif. 

 R. Rep. iv. 95, Bot. Mex. Bound. 71, and in Bot. Wilkes Exp. 330, but with doubt. 



2. S. racemosa, Linn. Shrubby, mostly glabrous : leaflets 5 to 7, thin, oblong- 

 lanceolate, much acuminate, very sharply serrate : cyme ovate or pyriform : fruit 

 bright red; its nutlets obscurely rugose : pith of shoots brown. Hook. Fl. i. 279. 



Along the mountain ranges, in woods, extending far north. The Californian and Rocky 

 Mountain specimens are as glabrous as the European plant ; in British America and Alaska it is 

 commonly pubescent, as in the Atlantic States variety pubens, S. pubcns, Michx. 



2. VIBURNUM, Linn. ARROW-WOOD, &c. 



Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla wheel-shaped or open campanulate, deeply and regu- 

 larly 5-lobed. Stamens 5, exserted. Stigmas 1 to 3. " Berries," really drupes, 

 containing a single flat or flattish hard seed-like stone. Shrubs or small trees, 

 with simple, but commonly toothed, and sometimes deeply lobed leaves, and white 

 flowers in a compound terminal cyme. 



A genus represented by a dozen species in the Eastern United States, only two of which ex- 

 tend, well northward, to the Pacific. One of these is the Cranberry-tree, as well as the Snowball- 

 tree or Guelder Rose of ornamental cultivation : in this the cyme is radiate in the manner of 

 Hydrangea, the marginal flowers being neutral and greatly enlarged. There is one peculiar spe- 

 cies on the coast of Oregon, which extends into California, viz. : 



1. V. ellipticum, Hook. Shrub 2 to 5 feet high, with scaly buds : leaves 

 broadly oval or elliptical, roundish or very obtuse at both ends, 3 - 5-ribbed from 

 the base, coarsely dentate above the middle, the lower surface and petioles with the 

 young shoots hairy : cyme dense, pedimcled : flowers all perfect : fruits oval, bluish- 

 black (half an inch long) ; the stone grooved on both sides. Hook. Fl. i. 280. 



In woods, Mendocino Co. (Kellogg) ; extending to the Columbia River. Related to V. pubes- 

 ccns and V. dentatum of the Atlantic side. 



3. LINNJEA, Gronov. TWIN-FLOWER. 



Calyx 5-lobed ; the lobes subulate, deciduous. Corolla obscurely irregular, fun- 

 nelform, 5-lobed. Stamens one fewer than the lobes of the corolla, i. e. 4, inserted 

 low down on the corolla, included, two of them shorter. Ovary and the small 

 dry fruit 3-celled, one cell with a suspended fertile ovule and seed, the two others 

 with several abortive ovules. Style slender : stigma somewhat capitate. Con- 

 tains a single species. 



1. L. borealis, Gronov. A low and almost herbaceous little evergreen, with 

 slender and creeping or trailing stems : leaves round-oval, sparingly crenate, nar- 

 rowed at base into short petioles : peduncles erect, slender, forking into two pedi- 

 cels at the top, each bearing a single delicate and fragrant nodding flower : corolla 

 tinged with purple or rose-color, hairy inside. 



Moist mossy woods, Mendocino Co. ; common in Oregon and eastward, extending all round the 

 northern cool-temperate zone. The California locality rests on Dr. Bolander's authority. It 

 would be interesting to know if the specimens are of the ordinary type, or of the variety longi- 

 flora, Torr. in Bot. Wilkes Exped., which is the usual form in Oregon, and is remarkable for its 

 larger flowers, the tube of the corolla with a long tapering base, and the slender calyx-lobes three 

 times longer than the ovary. In Colorado the ordinary form only is found. 



