Gnaphalium. COMPOSITE. 341 



1. A. margaritacea, Benth. White-woolly, one to three feet high, leafy up 

 to the broad compound corymb : leaves lanceolate or linear- lanceolate, 2 to 4 inches 

 long, mainly 1 -nerved, the upper face early becoming glabrous and green : scales of 

 the involucre very numerous and pearly white, obtuse, not longer than the flowers. 

 Gnaphalium margaritaceum, Linn. Antennaria margaritacea, R. Brown, &c. 



Thickets and open grounds, from near San Francisco northward, mostly in cool districts : 

 apparently not abundant in California, but common in Oregon, as it also is in the Northern 

 Atlantic States and in Northeastern Asia. 



36. GNAPHALIUM, Linn. CUDWEED, EVERLASTING. 



Heads all alike, discoid, heterogamous ; the pistillate flowers numerous in several 

 series, with filiform corollas ; the perfect and fertile flowers fewer in the centre, 

 with tubular 4-5-lobed corollas. Involucre campanulate or ovoid, of several or 

 many ranks of scarious or scarious-tipped scales. Receptacle flat or convex, naked. 

 Style in perfect flowers 2-cleft. Akenes oblong or obovate. Pappus a single series 

 of capillary bristles, which are barely scabrous and not thickened upward. Floc- 

 cose-woolly herbs, with alternate entire leaves, and yellowish or whitish flowers. 



A large genus, widely dispersed over the world, only a few of them North American. 



1. Bristles of the pappus unconnected, falling separately. True GNAPHALIUM. 



* Heads or clusters terminating the erect stem or its branches : scales of the involucre 

 very numerous and more or less bright-colored, white or whitish, rarely tinged rose- 

 color or yellowish, and glabrous except tlie base. (Mostly biennials ?) 



-t- Corymbose or sometimes densely glomerate heads broad. 



1. Gr. decurrens, Ives. Rather stout, from one to nearly three feet high, vis- 

 cid-glandular under the more or less deciduous or loose wool : leaves conspicuously 

 decurrent, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate (1| to 3 inches long, 2 to 4 lines broad), 

 acute : heads very numerous in dense corymbose clusters : involucre broadly cam- 

 panulate, white (sometimes becoming sordid) ; the scales oval or ovate. The 

 var. Californicum (G. Californicum, DC.) has mostly a bright white involucre, 

 rarely tinged with rose-color; the scales obtuse. 



Common on hillsides, from San Diego through Oregon, where it occurs with duller-white in- 

 volucre, as in the G. decurrens of the Northern Atlantic States. Akenes smooth except under a 

 strong lens, which shows minute scabrous points. 



2. Gr. Sprengelii, Hook. & Arn. Commonly rather stout and strict, a span to 

 a foot and a half high, leafy to the top, densely white-woolly, not glandular : leaves 

 linear or the lower spatulate-lanceolate, somewhat decurrent : heads in a dense capi- 

 tate cluster or a few clusters : involucre campanulate ; its scales oblong-oval, obtuse, 

 white, rarely tinged yellowish, often becoming rather sordid or tawny : akenes 

 almost smooth. Bot. Beechey, 150; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 427. G. luteo-album, 

 mainly or wholly, of American authors. 



Hillsides, &c., apparently throughout the State, thence northward to Oregon and eastward to 

 New Mexico. G. luteo-album, Linn, (which the more slender forms of this approach, and to 

 which G. Vira-mra, of Chili seems to belong) is a weaker plant, with fewer clusters of heads, more 

 tawny involucre, and akenes studded with glandular elevations. Very probably G. Sandwicen- 

 sium, Gaudichaud, is an older name of this species. 



-*- + Paniculate rather than corymbose heads narrow : stems at length loosely much 



branched. 



3. Gr. microcephalum, Xutt. White-woolly, not glandular : stems a foot or 

 .two high, slender : leaves linear or the lower oblanceolate (an inch or so in length), 



