Encelia. COMPOSITE. 35 J 



47. BNCELIA, Adanson. 



Head many-flowered, heterogamous, with several or numerous neutral rays, or 

 rarely homogamous, the rays wanting; disk-flowers perfect. Involucre hemispherical 

 or campanulate, of more or less imbricated and herbaceous scales. Receptacle flat- 

 tish ; the chaff subtending the disk-flowers mostly thin, concave or folded around 

 the akenes. Disk-corollas cylindraceous or somewhat funnelform, 5-toothed. 

 Style-appendages commonly more or less elongated, hirsute. Akenes flat (laterally 

 much compressed) and thin-edged, but wingless, obovate or oblong-oval with more 

 or less emarginate or bidentate summit, long-ciliate or naked. Pappus none or a 

 pair of awns ; no intermediate scales. Perennial herbs, or with shrubby base (all 

 American and chiefly Western) ; with opposite or alternate and simple but sometimes 

 lobed leaves, and middle-sized or pretty large slender-peduncled heads of chiefly 

 yellow flowers, those of the disk occasionally brownish or purple. Benth. & Hook. 

 Gen. ii. 378 (incl. Gercea, Barrattia, & Simsia) ; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 656. 



1. Akenes villous-ciliate : pappus none, or mere rudimentary awns to the abortive 

 ray-akenes : leaves all or all but the very lowest alternate. True EXCELIA. 



1. E. Calif ornica, Xutt. Woody at base, 2 to 4 feet high, strong-scented; 

 minutely pubescent and rather hoary, or becoming green and smoother : leaves (an 

 inch or two long) varying from ovate to broadly lanceolate, entire or occasionally 

 repand-toothed, rather indistinctly 3-ribbed from the base, abruptly petioled, the 

 broader ones rounded at base : involucre white-villous : rays numerous, an inch 

 long, 2-4 toothed at the end : akenes obovate, very long-villous on the callous 

 margins, the notch at summit very shallow. 



Dry hills near the coast, Santa Barbara to San Diego, and thence to the Gila, where it is vari- 

 able, often smaller, depauprate, apparently including all that has been referred to E. conspersa, 

 Benth., of Lower California. Akenes less emarginate and leaves less narrowed at base than in the 

 Chilian E. oblongifolia. 



2. E. farinosa, Gray. Shrubby at the base, silvery-canescent with a dense and 

 furfuraceous white tomentum, wholly glabrous where this is deciduous : leaves 

 ovate or ovate-lanceolate with mostly cuneate base, entire, obtuse, 3-ribbed at base : 

 heads rather small and numerous, on slender peduncles, in a naked panicle or 

 corymb : involucre much shorter than the disk : rays 6 to 10, barely half an inch 

 long : akenes obovate and with a deep narrow notch, lohg-ciliate. Emory, Rep. 

 143. E. nivea, Gray in Bot. Mex. Bound. 88, not of Benth. 



Southeastern California, and adjacent parts of Arizona, Coulter, Parry, Newberry, Cooper. 



2. Akenes villous-ciliate and with a pappus of 2 chaffy awns : leaves mostly alter- 

 nate, naked-petioled. GER.EA, Benth. ' (Gercea & Simsia Gercea, Gray.) 



3. E. eriocephala, Gray. Herbaceous (perhaps annual or biennial) : stem 

 mostly simple, a foot or so high, leafy towards the base, naked and simple or loosely 

 corymbose above, sparsely hirsute : leaves very hirsute with long and spreading 

 white hairs, obovate or spatulate, and tapering into a margined petiole, or the upper- 

 most lanceolate and sessile, mostly with some coarse teeth : scales of the hemispher- 

 ical involucre linear-lanceolate, loose, green and somewhat villous (as well as glan- 

 dular) on the back, densely villous-ciliate with very long white hairs: rays 12 or 

 more, oblong-obovate, nearly entire : akenes cuneate-obovate, very villous on the 

 sides as well as margins, each margin produced at the broadly notched summit into 

 a rigid naked persistent awn. Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 657. Gercea canescens, Torr. & 

 Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. v. 48. tiimsia (Gercea) canescens, Gray, PI. Fendl. 85. 



Fort Mohave, Fort Yuma, and elsewhere along the Colorado and vicinity, Coulter, Fremont, 



