352 COMPOSITE. Encdia. 



Newlerry, Schott, Cooper, &c. This must be a showy plant, with its (mostly corymbose) heads 

 adorned with broad golden yellow rays (less than an inch long), and underneath the green scales 

 of the involucre fringed with long white hairs. The original specific name is changed on account 

 of the old Encelia canescens. 



4. E. frutescens, Gray. Shrubby below, hispid-scabrous, loosely much branched, 

 2 or 3 feet high : branches terminating in single long-peduncled heads : leaves 

 small (rarely an inch in length), oblong or ovate, sometimes slightly cordate, 

 entire or obscurely toothed, short-petioled : heads small : involucre scabrous-hispid 

 or canescent : rays 6 to 12, cuneate-oblong and 3 - 4-lobed, sometimes wanting : 

 akenes obovate and with a shallow notch, glabrous on 'the sides, very villous on the 

 margins and the rather short or unequal (occasionally obsolete) persistent awns. 

 Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 657. Simsia (Gercea) frutescens, Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 89. 



Gravelly ravines, &c., southeastern borders of California and adjacent parts of Arizona, Nevada, 

 and Utah, Fremont, Emmy, Newberry, &c. Cordilleras near San Felipe, Sutton Hayes. 



48. HELIANTHELLA, Torr. & Gray. 



Head many-flowered, heterogamous, with rather numerous neutral rays and per- 

 fect disk-flowers. Involucre hemispherical, of loosely imbricated linear-lanceolate 

 scales ; the outer mostly foliaceous and attenuate-acuminate ; innermost shorter and 

 somewhat chaffy. Eeceptacle flat or convex : chaff embracing the akenes. Disk- 

 corollas cyliiidraceous, 5-toothed ; the teeth puberulent-bearded. Style-appendages 

 hirsute, mostly short and obtuse. Akenes flat (laterally much compressed), obovate 

 or oblong, with thin and acute or narrowly wing-margined edges, and commonly 

 emarginate summit. Pappus an awn or chaffy tooth from each margin, and with 

 intermediate (often very small) thin chaffy or almost setiform scales, both occasion- 

 ally almost obsolete. Perennial (North American) herbs ; with both opposite and 

 alternate entire leaves, large and chiefly solitary and long-peduncled terminal heads 

 of yellow flowers, and the general habit of Helianthus or Wyethia. Torr. & Gray, 

 Fl. ii. 333 ; the second section including the typical species ; with leaves lanceolate 

 or broader, and commonly triple-ribbed near the middle. 



1. H. Californica, Gray. Minutely hirsute-pubescent : stems slender, one to 

 three feet high, occasionally branched : leaves spatulate-lanceolate, mostly opposite, 

 all tapering into petioles : head often foliaceous-bracted : rays seldom much if at all 

 longer than the involucre : chaff obtuse : akenes obovate, smooth and glabrous 

 throughout, narrowly margined, minutely ciliate when young only near the summit : 

 pappus of two short triangular or subulate chaffy teeth and a crown of minute 

 squainellae, nearly obsolete at maturity. Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 103. 



Napa Valley, Bigelow. Near Clark's, Mariposa County, A. Gray. Sierra Valley, Lemmon. 



H. LANCEOLATA, Torr. & Gray, which has akenes naked and with a pair of slender awns but 

 hardly any crown ; H. UNIFLORA, Torr. & Gray, with large head, akenes silky-villous on the face 

 as well as margins, a pair of stout awns, and a conspicuous crown of long and narrow squamellse 

 between them ; and possibly H. PARRYI, Gray, with much smaller heads, narrower leaves, hut 

 similar akenes, yet shorter or obsolete awns (at least its variety multicaulis, H. multicaulis, Eaton 

 in Bot. King Exp.), occurring north and east of California, may be found near its borders. 



49. HBLIANTHUS, Linn. SUNFLOWER. 



Head many-flowered, heterogamous, with neutral ray- and perfect disk-flowers. 

 Involucre hemispherical or broader, of imbricated scales, more commonly with narrow 

 herbaceous or foliaceous tips. Receptacle flat or convex, with chaff embracing the 

 akenes of the disk-flowers. Rays mostly entire : disk-corollas cylindrical, 5-toothed. 



