368 COMPOSITE. Layia. 



59. LAYIA, Hook. & Am. 



Head many-flowered, heterogamous, with 8 to 20 pistillate rays and numerous 

 perfect disk-flowers, all fertile, except occasionally some of the central. Involucre 

 hemispherical or very broadly campanulate, of as many scales as ray-flowers (and 

 sometimes a few external empty ones), flat or nearly so on the back, their abruptly 

 dilated thin or scarious margins or auricles below infolded on either side so as to 

 meet and enclose the ray-akene. Receptacle broad and flat, or rarely convex 

 (pubescent where not chaffy), a series of chaff like an' inner involucre subtending 

 the outermost disk-flowers, or in some species with thinner chaff subtending all or 

 most of them. Eays cuneiform or oblong, 2 - 3-lobed or toothed at the apex : disk- 

 corollas cylindraceous-funnelform, 5-lobed at summit. Akenes of the ray obovate- 

 oblong or narrower, obcompressed, glabrous (with one exception) and smooth, 

 destitute of pappus, but crowned with a protuberant disciforrn areola ; of the disk 

 nearly similar or linear-cuneate, mostly hairy, and with a various pappus of 5 to 

 20 bristles, awns, or chaffy scales, either naked or plumose, or occasionally none. 

 Annuals, all of the Californian region ; with leaves nearly all alternate and often 

 incised or pinnatifid, and shoAvy heads of yellow or yellow and white flowers 

 (mostly with brown or purple anthers), terminating the somewhat paniculate or 

 corymbose branches. Gray, PI. Fendl. 103 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. 2. 395, 

 where the synonymy is given. 



Eudiments of pappus occasionally occur on the ray-akenes, as a small scale, or a bristle or two, 

 but they are evidently abnormal. The species are arranged under three sections, mainly by the 

 pappus : otherwise several of them are almost exactly alike. 



1. Pappus of 10 to 20 (or rarely fewer] awns or stout bristles which are long- 

 plumose or villose below the middle : receptacle chaffy only at the margin, 

 rarely among some of the outer disk-flowers : akenes all narrow and somewhat 

 clavate, crowned with a protuberant annular or rarely almost cupulate disk, 

 especially in the ray. Plants till hispid or hirsute and sprinkled above with 

 dark-colored stipitate glands. MADAROGLOSSA, Gray. (Madaroglossa, DC.) 



* Rays white (or rarely purple), cuneiform and 3-lobed ; the disk yellow. 



1. L. glandules a, Hook. & Am. A span to a foot high, loosely branching, 

 roughish with short hispid hairs : leaves linear, the upper ones all small and entire, 

 the lower often lanceolate and sparingly incisely pinnatifid : heads middle-sized or 

 smaller : rays 8 to 13, conspicuously exserted : disk-akenes appressed silky- villous : 

 pappus mostly bright white, the very copious villous wool much shorter than the 

 stout bristles, the inner portion at length crisped and interlaced. Blepharipappus 

 glandulosus, Hook. Eriopappus glandulosus, Am. Madaroglossa angustifolia, DC. 



Var. rosea, Gray. Eays rose-purple ; otherwise apparently identical with the 

 ordinary form. 



Dry and open grounds and bare plains, from the Dalles of Oregon through the eastern portions 

 of the Sierra Nevada to Los Angeles Co., and eastward to New Mexico and Utah. The Var. 

 rosea, at Ojai, Ventura Co. , S. F. Peckham : apparently differing only in the color of the rays, 

 which in the species are white. Heads variable in size : rays from a third to half an inch in 

 length. L. Nco-Mcxicana, Gray, PI. Wright., is the same, with the occasional development of a 

 crown of chaffy pappus on the ray-akenes. 



2. L. heterotricha, Hook. & Arn. A foot or two high, erect, rough-hispid 

 and somewhat viscid : leaves linear or lanceolate, from entire to laciniate-pinnatifid : 

 heads pretty large : rays 10 to 18, fully twice the length of the disk, oblong-cunei- 

 form, bright white : disk-akenes villous-pubescent : pappus white or whitish ; the 



