Actinella. COMPOSITE. 393 



Meadows and swamps near the sea, in Mendocino and Humboldt Counties, Bolander. A most 

 striking large-flowered species. Rays an inch long when well developed. Disk at first depressed- 

 hemispherical, becoming globular in fruit : the summit of the peduncle thickened under it. 



% * Heads rather large, the globose disk half an inch or more wide, and the rays half 

 to three fourths of an inch long : root perennial : herbage glabrous or minutely 

 pubescent. 



3. H. autumnale, Linn. Stem leafy to the corymbose summit, a foot to 3 or 

 4 feet high : leaves broadly lanceolate (2 to 4 inches long), often serrate : heads 

 mostly several on slender rather short peduncles : scales of the pappus ovate or 

 ovate-lanceolate and awn-pointed, from half to two thirds the length of the corolla. 



Probably along the northern borders of the State, being common in Oregon (the var. grandi- 

 florum, Ton-. & Gray), also in Nevada ; thence to the Atlantic States. 



4. H. Bigelovii, Gray. Stem from one to three feet high, commonly simple : 

 leaves lanceolate or elongated-oblong varying to linear, entire (3 to 6 inches long, 3 

 to 6 lines or rarely over an inch wide) : head on a slender peduncle from 3 to 18 inches 

 long : rays numerous, half an inch or more in length : disk depressed-globose, from 

 half to two thirds of an inch in diameter : scales of the pappus ovate-lanceolate or 

 subulate, tapering into an awn considerably shorter than the corolla. Pacif. R. 

 Rep. iv. 107. 



Wet ground, Sierra to Yosemite Valley, &c., and westward to Lake Co. A very branching 

 specimen, with much shorter rays, collected by Prof. Brewer, (near Monterey ?) may be an extreme 

 form of this rather than of the following species. 



* * * Heads middle-sized or small ; the rays shorter than the globose disk, about a 

 quarter of an inch or less long : root annual or biennial : stems loosely branching. 



5. H. puberulum, DC. Two to four feet high, paniculately much branched, 

 minutely cinereous-puberulent : branches terminating in long slender peduncles : 

 leaves lanceolate and entire, or the lower oblong and rarely incisely toothed, nearly 

 all much decurrent : involucre mostly short and inconspicuous, as also the reflexed 

 rays : scales of the pappus ovate, with a short mucronate tip or awn, one third or 

 one fourth the length of the corolla. 



Common along water-courses and shores through the western portion of the State, from San 

 Francisco Bay southward. Disk half an inch or less in diameter. Rays 2 or at most 3 lines 

 long, usually few. //. Mcxicanum, so called, in the Botany of Whipple's Expedition, from 

 Bolinas Bay, appears to be a form of H. puberulum, to which may also belong Coulter's No. 

 357, although it has more slender rays and blunt pappus-scales. The materials of both are 

 insufficient. 



6. H. laciniatum, Gray. A span or two high, branched from the base, 

 cinereous-puberulent : leaves lanceolate or linear, mostly laciniate-pinnatifid, little 

 decurrent, one or two inches long : scales of the involucre mostly longer than the 

 rays, these shorter than the disk : scales of the pappus ovate, abruptly tapering into 

 a conspicuous awn, a little shorter than the broad corolla, about the length of the 

 akene. Proc. Am. Acad. ix. 203. 



"California," probably on the southeastern borders, Coulter (No. 356, 358). Yaqui River, 

 Sonora, Dr. Palmer. Peduncles about 3 inches long. Head with yellow disk 4 to 6 lines in 

 diameter ; the rays 2 or 3 lines long. Disk-corollas a line long, their proper tube extremely 

 short. 



8O. ACTINELLA, Nutt. 



Head many-flowered, with 8 to 1 2 pistillate rays ; all the flowers fertile. Invo- 

 lucre hemispherical ; its scales in 2 or 3 series, nearly equal, ovate or lanceolate, 

 rigid or coriaceous (or the inner with margins membranaceous), appressed. Recep- 

 tacle conical or strongly convex, naked, sometimes villous. Rays conspicuous, 

 3-toothed or 3-lobed at the truncate extremity ; disk-corollas elongated-cylindra- 



