416 COMPOSITE. Arnica. 



long, an inch or so wide ; the cauline 2 to 4 pairs. Peduncles 2 or 3 inches long. An ambigu- 

 ous and reduced alpine form in the high ranges east of the Yosemite Valley, Brewer. 



6. A. Chamissonis, Less. Differs from the last in its narrower (commonly 

 oblong-lanceolate) acuminate or acute leaves, all but the uppermost with tapering 

 base, the cauline 4 or 5 pairs ; and the pappus barbellate with fine and rather sparse 

 denticulations as in most of the species. DC. Prodr. vi. 317. 



On the Truckee River in Nevada (according to Bot. King Exp.), therefore doubtless also in 

 California, as it is a species of wooded districts : thence northward to Alaska, &c. The plants 

 of the Rocky Mountains, &c., referred to this in the Flora of North America, and later, mainly 

 belong to the next. 



7. A. foliosa, Nutt. A foot or two high, commonly strict, from running root- 

 stocks, tomentose-pubescent, leafy to the top, bearing 3 to 7 corymbose rather 

 small and shortish-peduncled heads : leaves lanceolate, mostly callous-denticulate, 

 and with about 5 parallel nerves or ribs : rays rather short, usually pale yellow. 

 Nutt. in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. ser. vii. 407, excl. var. nana. A. Chamissonis, 

 Torr. & Gray, Fl., in part. A. montana, Hook., in part. 



Var. incana, Gray. White with floccose dense wool, which is deciduous with age. 



Wet meadows, in the Sierra Nevada, from Kern Co. (Rothrock) to Oregon ; extending east- 

 ward to the Rocky Mountains and Saskatchewan. In California more commonly the var. incana : 

 Lake Tahoe (Brewer) : Lake Washoe (Torrey) : Sierra Valley, "in deep water," Bolander. 

 Leaves from 2 or 3 to 5 or 6 inches long, from 4 lines to an inch in width, mostly obtuse ; the 

 upper closely sessile, the lower with tapering bases or petioles clasping at the insertion. Involu- 

 cre half an inch high, somewhat viscid-glandular under the deciduous pubescence, as is the herb- 

 age generally, not at all hirsute or hispid. Rays 4 or 5 lines long. Akenes minutely hairy or 

 glandular, or nearly glabrous. The white-woolly form is very striking ; but it passes insensibly 

 into Nuttall's A. foliosa ; of which A. longifolia, Eaton in Bot. King Exp., may be also a form. 



8. A. alpina, Murr., Lsestad. A span to a foot and a half high, more or less 

 hirsute-pubescent, bearing solitary or sometimes 3 long-peduncled mostly large 

 heads : leaves entire or sparingly denticulate ; the cauline in one to 3 pairs, lanceo- 

 late or linear-lanceolate, the upper ones small; radical ones spatulate, oblong, or 

 oval, about 3-nerved : rays large, deep yellow. A. angustifolia, Vahl in Fl. Dan. 

 t. 1524 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. A. fulgens & A. plantaginea, Pursh. 



In the Sierra Nevada (in meadows of Sierra Valley, Lcmmon, &c.) ; thence northward through 

 Oregon to the Arctic regions, and east to the Rocky Mountains and plains of the Missouri ; also 

 Greenland and high northern Europe and Asia. Exceedingly variable. The Californian specimens 

 are large and rather broad-leaved forms. Rays three quarters of an inch long. A. alpina is the 

 more appropriate name, and is conceded to be the older ; but we cannot find it in "Murr. Syst. 

 Veg. 1774," as cited by Fries. 



103. BAILLARDELLA, Gray. 



Head several - many-flowered, homogamous ; the flowers all fertile. Involucre 

 cylindraceous, naked at base ; the scales 7 to 14 in a single series, linear, equal, 

 lightly united into a tube or cup to or above the middle. Receptacle flat or barely 

 convex, naked. Corollas like those of the disk in Arnica, Style-branches elongated, 

 hirsute, and produced beyond the long stigmatic lines into an acuminate tip. 

 Akenes linear, flattish, striate-nerved, hirsute. Pappus a single series of (20 to 25) 

 rather stout and rigid strongly ciliate-plumose bristles, about the length of the corolla, 

 bright white. Acaulescent herbs (of the Sierra Nevada) ; with stout creeping 

 rootstocks, bearing tufts of linear or oblanceolate entire radical leaves, and a simple 

 naked viscid-glandular scape, terminated by a rather large head of yellow flowers. 

 Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. ii. 442. Raillardia, Sect. Raillardetta, Gray, Proc. Am. 

 Acad. vi. 550. 



This interesting genus, along with the Hawaiian Raillardia, seems rather to belong to the 

 Helenioideoc, next to Dubautia ; but the technical characters would cause it to be looked for here. 



