430 COMPOSITE. Rafinesquia. 



1. R. Californica, Nutt. Eather stout and much branching, 2 or 3 feet high: 

 lower leaves pretty large, oblong ; upper gradually reduced to small bracts : invo- 

 lucre becoming thick at base and more or less conical ; its rather numerous calycu- 

 late scales subulate and spreading ; the proper scales 12 to 15 : ligules short, white : 

 akenes tapering into a very slender beak as long as the body : pappus dull white, 

 the bristles tine and soft. Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 106, t. 34. 



Thickets and shady grounds, from San Francisco Bay to San Diego ; sometimes in grain- fields 

 in the eastern part of the State : flowering in spring. Heads about two thirds of an inch high. 



2. R. Neo-Mexicana, Gray. About a foot high, more simple : leaves lanceo- 

 late : head narrower, 15- 18-flowered : proper scales of the involucre 7 or 8, the 

 calyculate ones short and rather few : ligules rather large and conspicuous, flesh- 

 color or nearly white : akenes tapering gradually into a firmer beak which is mostly 

 shorter than the body : pappus bright white, of 10 or 12 more rigid and arachnoid- 

 plumose bristles. PL Wright, ii. 103. 



Sand-hills near Fort Mohave (Cooper) ; thence through S. Utah (Mrs. Thompson, Capt. Bishop) 

 to the Rio Grande near El Paso, C. Wright. Head an inch long, exclusive of the corollas, which 

 are two thirds of an inch long. 



112. HYPOCHJERIS, Linn. 



Head several many-flowered. Involucre oblong or campanulate : the scales 

 imbricated, lanceolate, appressed, the outer ones successively shorter. Receptacle 

 flat, furnished with thin and narrow scarious chaff subtending the flowers. Akenes 

 glabrous or merely scabrous, 10-ribbed, oblong or fusiform, at least the inner ones 

 tapering upwards commonly into a beak. Pappus a series of tine plumose bristles, 

 and often with some shorter and outer naked bristles. Herbs with either leafy or 

 naked stems, bearing solitary or somewhat corymbose long-peduncled heads of 

 yellow flowers ; the leaves toothed or pinnatifid. Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 519. 



A rather large genus of the mountains and temperate regions of the Old World and of South 

 America (now made to include Achyrophorus, Adanson) ; none indigenous to North America, 

 but the following is sparingly naturalized in California, as it is in various other parts of the 

 world. 



1. H. glabra, Linn. A span to a foot or more high from an annual root, 

 glabrous or nearly so : leaves all or mostly in a radical tuft, oblong-spatulate 

 or oblanceolate, obtuse, coarsely sinuate-toothed : scape commonly branched : outer- 

 most akenes truncate at the summit, the others tapering into a long and slender 

 beak : pappus of capillary bristles, which are intricately plumose below but nearly 

 naked toward the apex, and of some fine and shorter naked outer bristles. 



In fields, near San Francisco and Santa Cruz (Kellogg, Anderson) ; doubtless introduced from 

 Europe. Heads a little over half an inch in length. 



113. ANISOCOMA, Torr. & Gray. 



Head rather many-flowered. Involucre cylindraceous, imbricated ; the scales all 

 obtuse, thin-herbaceous, with broad whitish-scarious margins ; the inner broadly 

 linear and equal ; the others comparatively short and broad, oval, or the outermost 

 nearly orbicular. Receptacle flat, furnished with long and bristleform chaff sub- 

 tending the flowers. Ligules conspicuous. Akenes linear-turbinate, terete, 1 0-nerved, 

 silky-pubescent, attenuate to a sharp point at base, the truncate summit crowned 

 with a narrow cup-like border or ring. Pappus very white, of 10 or more rather 

 rigid bristles ; the about 5 longer ones (equalling the involucre) long-plumose above 



