

 Apargidium. COMPOSITE. 439 



Tuolumne to Mendocino Counties (ffartwcg, Bige.low, Bolander), also Cisco (Kellogg) ; thence 

 to the southern borders of Oregon (Pickering and Brackenridgc), in open pine woods, &c. 

 Remarkable for the narrow retrorse lobes of the leaves, and the abrupt summit to the akenes. 

 These are nearly 3 lines long, while the well-formed beak attains the length of nearly an inch. 



% * * Root annual : plants mostly low and small, occasionally subcaulescent. 



7. T. Chilense, Gray, 1. c. More or less pubescent or hairy : leaves varying 

 from spatulate to linear-lanceolate, and from denticulate to laciniate-pinnatitid : scapes 

 slender, a span or sometimes nearly a foot high : involucre 6 to 9 lines high ; the 

 scales in about 2 series : akenes varying from short-oblong to fusiform and with 

 acute or wing-like ribs, or the outer sometimes 10-winged, usually one half or one 

 third the length of the filiform beak. Macrorhynchus Chilensis, Less. Syn. 1 39 ; 

 Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. vi. 256. M. heterophyllus (Xutt.) & M. Californicus, Torr. 

 & Gray, Fl. ii. 493. Kymapleura heterophylla, Nutt. 1. c. ; the state with the outer 

 akenes mostly undulate-winged at maturity. Cryptopleura California!, Nutt. 1. c. ; 

 the occasional and evidently abnormal state, with some of the outer akenes fleshy- 

 thickened and the ribs obsolete. 



Open grounds ; common throughout California and Oregon, extending through the interior to 

 Utah. Flowers deep yellow, expanding but once at midday. A most variable species, especially 

 as to the akenes ; in some of the forms agreeing wholly with Chilian specimens. More commonly 

 the akenes are rather shorter and their beak longer. The state of the akenes on which Nuttall 

 founded his Cnjptophura has been only once or twice met with. The rugose-winged state is not 

 uncommon, and in various degrees, or affecting merely some of the outer akenes. 



119. TARAXACUM, Haller. DANDELION. 



Head many-flowered. Involucre oblong-campanulate, of thin and narrow some- 

 what membranaceous scales in two sets ; the inner equal and erect in a single series ; 

 the outer short and calyculate, commonly loose. Eeceptacle flat, naked. Akenes 

 oblong or fusiform, angled, about 10-ribbed, attenuate at base, mostly muricate on 

 the ribs towards the apex, which lengthens into a long filiform beak. Pappus of 

 copious and white capillary scabrous bristles, nearly persistent. Acaulescent 

 perennials or biennials (widely diffused over the world but mainly northern) ; with 

 fistulous naked scapes from the tuft of radical leaves, bearing a single rather large 

 head of yellow flowers, open through the morning. 



1. T. Dens-leonis, Desf. Leaves runcinate, the lobes toothed : outer scales of 

 the involucre loose or reflexed, the inner destitute of a callous horn at the tip. 

 Leontodon Taraxacum, Linn. 



There are some indications of the Dandelicm as an introduced plant ; but it is as yet very local. 

 The indigenous state, occurring in the Rocky Mountains and in Oregon, may be expected in the 

 mountains northward. 



120. APARGIDIUM, Torr. & Gray. 



Head rather many-flowered. Involucre cylindraceous, of several narrowly lanceo- 

 late and one-nerved equal scales nearly in a single series, and a few short and loose 

 calyculate ones. Receptacle flat, naked. Akenes linear-oblong, columnar, glabrous, 

 not tapering at either end. Pappus of copious and unequal barbellate-denticulate 

 capillary bristles, or the outer and smaller ones barely scabrous, all rather fragile, 

 brownish. A single species. 



1. A. boreale, Torr. & Gray. Stemless perennial, glabrous : leaves linear-lanceo- 

 late, elongated, obscurely and remotely denticulate or entire : scape slender, a span 

 to a foot high, bearing a single middle-sized head, nodding before opening : flowers 



