440 COMPOSITE. Hieradum. 



light yellow. Fl. N. Am. ii. 474. Apargia borealis, Bongard. Leontodon boreale, 

 DC. Microseris borealis, Schultz Bip., ex Herder, Bot. Radde, iii. (4), 28. 



In bogs, Mendocino and Humboldt Counties, Bolander, Kellogg. Oregon to Alaska. Referred 

 to Leontodon by Bentham and Hooker : but none of the bristles of the pappus are either chaffy- 

 dilated at base or plumose ; nor is there any true Leontodoir indigenous to America, with which 

 to associate it. 



121. HIERACIUM, Tourn. HAWKWEED. 



Head many-flowered, or sometimes only 10-20-flowered. Involucre campanu- 

 late or cylindraceous ; the scales herbaceous and narrow, the inner ones equal, the 

 outer either gradually shorter or only short and calyculate, not altered in age. Recep- 

 tacle flat, naked, sometimes more or less fimbrillate-toothed. Akenes oblong or 

 columnar, terete or 4 - 5-angled, mostly 10-ribbed or striate, glabrous and smooth, 

 the apex truncate. Pappus of one or two series of capillary rather rigid and per- 

 sistent but often fragile scabrous bristles, brownish or sordid in hue. Perennial 

 herbs ; with merely toothed or entire leaves, often coarsely or bristly hairy or glan- 

 dular ; the paniculate or rarely solitary heads middle-sized or small ; corollas yellow 

 or sometimes white. Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 474. 



A very large and difficult genus in Europe, moderately represented by peculiar species in North 

 America, and with a few an dine species in South America. The species of the western side of the 

 continent are peculiar, except that H. Canadcnse, which nearly approaches or passes into //. urn- 

 bellatum of the Old World, crosses the northern Rocky Mountains into Washington Territory and 

 Oregon. All the Californian species have small heads and a nearly simple calyculate involucre. 



* Heads only 10 \5-flowered : akenes tapering upwards. 



1. H. Bolanderi, Gray. Small : leaves mostly radical in a tuft, sessile, oblong- 

 spatulate, nearly entire, glabrous except for the long spreading bristles which fringe 

 the margin and at first beset the upper surface : scape slender, a span high : slen- 

 der peduncles and cylindrical involucre naked and glabrous or nearly so : corollas 

 yellow : akenes fully as long as the pappus. Proc. Am. Acad. vii. 365. 



On Red Mountain, Mendocino Co., Bolander. Heads 2 to 4 lines, and involucre 4 or 5 lines 

 long ; the latter of 7 to 9 principal scales and one or two short ones, all obtuse. Akenes terete, 

 moderately fusiform, 2 lines long, lightly striate. 



* * Heads 20 40- (rarely 10 - 15-) floivered : akenes short, not tapering upwards. 



2. H. Breweri, Gray. Low : sterns 3 to 9 inches high, leafy to the top, branch- 

 ing, densely clothed (at least below), as are the spatulate-lanceolate or linear- oblong 

 leaves, with very long and soft villous hairs : heads numerous, paniculate-corym- 

 bose, 10 20-flowered : involucre of linear-lanceolate acute scales, somewhat glan- 

 dular-hirsute and occasionally shaggy with long bristles : corollas yellow. Proc. 

 Am. Acad. vi. 553. 



Sierra Nevada in Mariposa and Tuolumne Counties, in open places, at from 7,000 to 11,000 feet 

 of elevation. Involucre about 3 lines long ; the akenes a line and a half. 



3. H. Scouleri, Hook. Usually a foot or two high and rather stout : stem 

 leafy, bearing loosely paniculate 20 40-flowered heads, beset, as also the mostly 

 lanceolate and entire leaves, with very long and spreading villous-hispid bristles, 

 oftener from a papillose base : pedicels and involucre glandular-hispid or sometimes 

 only glandular-puberulent : corollas yellow. Hook. Fl. i. 298. 



Sierra Valley in the Sierra Nevada, Lemmon. Common near the coast from British Columbia 

 to the southern part of Oregon, and east to the Rocky Mountains ; doubtless in all the adjacent 

 parts of California. 



4. H. albiflorum, Hook. 1. c. Usually 2 feet or more high : stem leafy below, 

 simple or paniculately branched and bearing several or numerous small heads on 



