

 Nemadadus. CAMPANTJLACE.E. 445 



3. NEMACLADUS, Nutt. 



Calyx-tube short, obconical, adnate to the lower half of the ovary ; its limb parted 

 into 5 unequal lobes. Corolla short, 5-parted, or the two petals forming the lower 

 lip often distinct to the base, and longer than the three which form the 3-parted or 

 3-lobed upper lip. Filaments monadelphous above the middle : anthers distinct, 

 surrounding the stigma, oval, glabrous. Style slender, its apex incurved, a little 

 shorter than the anthers : stigma capitate, 2-lobed, subtended by an obsolete naked 

 ring. Ovary 2-celled : ovules 10-18 in each cell. Capsule about two thirds su- 

 perior, ovoid, loculicidal from the top. Seeds oval. Nutt. in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 

 n. ser. viii. 254; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 108, t. 35; Gray in Jour. Linn. Soc. 

 xiv. 28, where the relationship to Cyphia (of S. Africa) is indicated. A single 

 species. 



1. N. ramosissimus, Nutt. 1. c. Slender annual, about a span high, "lactes- 

 cent," widely and at length excessively branching : branches filiform, zigzag : radical 

 leaves oval and toothed, tufted ; cauline ones all minute, linear or subulate, sub- 

 tending the branchlets and the racemose capillary naked peduncles : flowers minute 

 (a line or two long) : corolla flesh-color, the two longer divisions spatulate-oblong, 

 the three others rather broader : seeds oval. 



Sandy or gravelly open places ; common through the Sierra Nevada and its foot-hills ; thence 

 east to New Mexico. 



ORDER LIII. CAMPANULACE^. 



Herbs, with milky juice, alternate leaves without stipules, and regular flowers, 

 having the calyx adnate to the ovary, distinct stamens (5 or rarely 4) inserted with 

 but hardly upon the corolla, alternate with its lobes, these valvate in the. bud ; the 

 fruit a many-seeded 2 5-celled capsule. Calyx persistent. Stamens earlier than 

 the stigmas ; the 2-celled introrse anthers opening in the bud before the corolla ex- 

 pands. Style single, its upper portion beset with collecting hairs upon which the 

 pollen is largely deposited ; its summit 2 5-lobed or cleft ; the stigmas being the 

 papillose inner face of these lobes, which connive until some time after the corolla 

 expands. Ovary 2 - 5-celled (rarely imperfectly so), with the placentae in the axis. 

 Ovules numerous, anatropous. Capsule usually opening by valves or holes at or 

 near the top. Seeds small, with a straight embryo in fleshy albumen. Flowers 

 commonly showy, more frequently the corolla blue, and withering without dropping 

 off : inflorescence for the most part centrifugal, the terminal flowers opening first. 



There are a few foreign genera with baccate fruit, and one with connate anthers. A rather 

 small family, mainly of temperate regions, sparingly represented in North America, and as indi- 

 genous plants almost absent from South America (the Lobdiacece being here kept separate), but 

 abounding in the Old World, which furnishes numerous ornamental species to the gardens. 

 Otherwise the order is without economical importance or known active qualities. 



* Ovary and capsule long and narrow, or at least oblong. 



1. Githopsis. Capsule opening at the top by a hole left by the falling away of the base of the 

 style, between the long and leafy calyx-lobes. 



2. Specularia. Capsule opening on the sides by 2 or 3 little valves which leave small round 

 perforations. 



* * Ovary and capsule short and broad or globular. 



3. Heterocodon. Thin walls of the capsule bursting indefinitely between the ribs. Calyx- 

 lobes very broad. 



4. Campanula. Capsule opening on the sides by 3 to 5 small valves leaving definite round 

 perforations. Calyx-lobes narrow. 



