446 CAMPANULACEJt Githopsis. 



1. GITHOPSIS, Nutt. 



Flowers all alike. Calyx with a clavate 10-ribbed tube, and 5 long and 

 narrow foliaceous lobes. Corolla tubular-campanulate, 5-lobed. Filaments short, 

 dilated at the base. Ovary 3- celled : stigmas 3. - Capsule clavate, of firm tex- 

 ture, strongly ribbed, crowned with the rigid calyx-lobes of its own length or 

 longer, opening between them by a round hole left by the falling away of the base 

 of the style. Seeds very numerous, between oblong and fusiform, smooth. The 

 calyx with its long leafy lobes resembles that of Lychnis Githago, whence the 

 generic name. A single, but variable species, published by Nuttall in Trans. Am. 

 Phil. Soc. n. ser. viii. 258. 



1. Gr. specularioid.es, Nutt. Low, annual, an inch to a span high, either 

 almost glabrous or more commonly (the var. hirsuta, Nutt.) the stems or the whole 

 herbage beset with short spreading hairs : leaves lanceolate-oblong or linear, sessile, 

 coarsely toothed : flowers terminating the stem and few branches, slightly pe- 

 duncled, erect : corolla deep blue, usually with a white centre, either shorter or 

 moderately longer than the narrowly linear and rigidly 1-nerved (rarely few-toothed) 

 calyx-lobes ; its lobes ovate : capsule rigid, either sessile or tapering gradually into 

 a thick and rigid peduncle. G. calycina, Benth. PL Hartw. 321, a form with 

 short corolla and long calyx-lobes. G.pulchella, Vatke, in Linnsea, xxxvii. 714, 

 the form with longer corolla. 



Open and low grounds, common through the western portion of the State, extending east to 

 the foot-hills and north to Oregon. 



2. SPECULARIA, Heister. 



Flowers all alike, or in the American species dimorphous; i. e. some of the earlier 

 ones smaller and with merely rudimentary corolla which never opens, close-fertilized 

 in the bud ; these with calyx-lobes mostly only 3 or 4. Later are flowers with fully 

 developed corolla, &c. Calyx-tube prismatic or elongated-obconical ; the lobes 5, 

 narrow. Corolla short and broad, wheelshaped when fully expanded, 5-lobed. 

 Filaments short. Ovary 3-celled, or sometimes 2-celled : stigmas as many. Capsule 

 more or less elongated, opening by 2 or 3 small lateral valves which leave a round 

 or oval perforation, usually over a partition. Seeds numerous, ovoid, or rounded 

 and flattish, smooth. Annuals; with sessile or clasping cauline leaves, and terminal 

 and axillary blue or purple flowers. (Dysmicodon and Campylocera, Nutt. 1. c.) 



1. S. biflora, Gray. Stems slender: leaves closely sessile, ovate or oblong, 

 somewhat crenately toothed, the upper gradually reduced to lanceolate bracts, 

 which are at length shorter than the flowers they subtend : flowers one or two in 

 each axil, nearly sessile ; the lower ones mostly with a calyx of 3 or 4 ovate or 

 subulate short lobes and no developed petals ; the upper and later ones with 5 

 longer lanceolate-subulate calyx-lobes, which are shorter than the developed corolla : 

 capsule oblong-cylindraceous or obscurely prismatic, inconspicuously ribbed, the 

 valvular openings just below the summit: seeds lenticular. Campanula biflora, 

 Euiz & Pav. Fl. Per. ii. 55, t. 200, f. 6. C. Afontevidensis, Spreng. 1 C. Ludo- 

 viciana, Torr. Dysmicodon Californicum & ovatum, Nutt. in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 

 n. ser. viii. 257. 



Open grounds, near towns and settlements along the coast : perhaps introduced, both here and 

 in the Southern Atlantic States, from S. America. A span to a foot or more in height, simple 

 or witli few branches, glabrous, except usually a line of minute and stout bristles turned back- 

 wards which roughen the angles of the stem and sometimes of the calyx-tube, also on the 

 margins and veins of the leaves. The principal stem-leaves only half an inch long. Fully 



