530 BORRAGINACE^E. Echinospermum. 



tale, "Watson, Bot. King Exp. 246, t. 23, fig. 9 to 12. E. patulum, Lehm. in Hook. 

 !'!.; Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exp. 418, not of Lehni. Asper. E. Lappula, Hook. & Arn. 

 Bot. Beechey, not of Lehm. 



Var. cupulatum, Gray. Prickles of the fruit with broadened bases united into 

 a coriaceous wing, which sometimes forms a deep cup on the back of the nutlet, its 

 margins incurved and thickened. E. strictum, Nees in Neu-Wied, Trav., not of 

 Ledeb. E. Redowskii, var. strictum, Watson, 1. c. 



Dry plains, along the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada ( Watson, &c.), and through the whole 

 interior region, eastward to Minnesota and Texas (also in N. Asia). The variety with the other 

 form, and passing into it by gradations ; sometimes one of the four nutlets bordered with distinct 

 prickles, while the other three are deeply cupped by their union up to near their barbed tips. 

 The E. patulum of Siberia has the little tubercles on the back and sides of the nutlets fewer and 

 arranged in regular rows, as indicated by Mr. Watson. 



2. E. deflexum, Lehm., var. floribunduxn, Watson. Biennial, hoary-pubes- 

 cent or hirsute : stem erect, from a foot to 4 feet high, with erect paniculate 

 branches : leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 2 to 5 inches long : racemes pan- 

 icled, at length slender ; the lower bract rather leafy, the upper ones minute or 

 wanting : pedicels slender, a line or two long, much longer than the calyx, deflexed 

 in fruit : corolla sky-blue (rarely white), conspicuous, the limb a quarter to fully 

 half an inch in diameter : nutlets bordered by a single row of numerous subulate 

 barbed prickles with bases more or less confluent ; the flattish back minutely rough- 

 granulate or rarely smooth ; the scar short and broad : gynobase broadly conical- 

 pyramidal. E. floribundum, Lehm.; Hook. 1. c. t. 164. 



Open woods, not rare through the State, and eastward to and beyond the Rocky Mountains ; 

 northward, on the borders of British Columbia, passing into the smaller-flowered and greener form 

 which well represents the European and Siberian E. deflexum. On Mount Shasta, Prof. Brewer 

 collected an ambiguous form, tall and stout, with upper cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate and partly 

 clasping, and fruit large, the nutlets equally prickly all over the back ; perhaps a distinct species, 

 possibly E. di/usum, Lehm. 



9. CYNOGLOSSUM, Tourn. HOUND'S-TONGUE. 



Calyx 5-parted, persistent, open in fruit. Corolla short-salverform or funnelform, 

 with conspicuous arching crests at the throat. Stamens and style included. Nut- 

 lets 4, clothed over the whole back with short and stout prickles having minutely 

 barbed (glochidiate) tips, or sometimes merely muricate, oblique or horizontal 

 (although the lobes of the ovary are erect or ascending, and with an ascending 

 anatropous ovule), the inner angle being carried upwards by the growth of the 

 pyramidal gynobase to which the nutlets are affixed by a large scar, separating 

 at maturity from below upwards, hanging for some time by a process which at 

 length peels off from the style. Coarse and broad-leaved herbs, with lower leaves 

 large and long-petioled, and middle-sized flowers in bractless panicled racemes ; the 

 nutlets forming " burs." 



C. OFFICINALE, Linn. , the common Hound's-tongue, is a coarse biennial weed of the Old World, 

 abundantly naturalized in the northern Atlantic States. It has not reached California, appar- 

 ently. The plant so named in the Botany of Beechey's Voyage doubtless belongs to the following 

 species. 



1. C. grande, Dougl. A thick-rooted perennial, about 2 feet high, pubescent 

 when young with mostly soft slender hairs, or the stem and the upper face of the 

 leaves glabrous : radical and lower cauline leaves ovate-oblong, usually rounded or 

 cordate at base, long-petioled ; the upper ones similar, but smaller and with taper- 

 ing base or short margined petiole : panicled racemes or cyme small, on a long 

 naked peduncle terminating the stem : corolla blue or violet, its tube longer than 

 the calyx, but hardly longer than the ample roundish lobes. 



