* * * * 



* 

 SYNOPTICAL KEY TO THE ORDERS. x iii 



Ovary compound, with usually 1 or 2 anatropous pendulous ovules in each cell : styles 

 distinct : fruit with as many lobes as colls, capsuhir or indehiscent. 



86. Buxaceae, p. 66. Monoecious shrub, with opposite entire leaves, watery juice, and large 



1 -celled (bv abortion) and 1 -seeded capsule. 

 87.- Euphoibiaceae, p. 67. Flowers monoecious or direcious (or involucrate and apparently 



l>erfect). Capsule 3-celled, 3-seeded. Herbs or rarely woody, with milky juice and 



mostly alternate often stipulate leaves. 



88. Callitrichaceae, p. 76. Small aquatics with opposite entire leaves, no stipules, and monoe- 



cious solitary axillary Howers. Stamen 1. Fruit compressed, 4-lobed, indehiscent. 



89. Piperaceas, p. 77. Flowers perfect in an involucrate spike. Capsule 1-celled with 3 or 4 



parietal placentas and 2 or more ascending ovules on each placenta. Herbs with alter- 

 nate leaves and no stipules. 



***** Flowers in aments, without calyx, monoecious or dicecious : ovary 1 - 2-celled : albu- 

 men none. Trees or shrubs, with alternate mostly toothed and stipulate leaves. 



91. Betulaceae, p. 79. Aments axillary and terminal; bracts thickened and rigid in fruit. 



Ovary 2-celled, with a pendulous anatropous ovule in each cell, becoming a winged or 

 angled nutlet. Monoecious. 



92. Myricacese, p. 81. Aments sessile, axillary, with scaly bracts. Ovary 1-celled, with an 



erect orthotropous ovule, becoming a drupe-like waxy nutlet. Moncecious or dioecious 

 shrubs. 



93. Salicaceae, p. 82. Aments axillary or terminal, with herbaceous bracts. Ovary 1-celled, 



with several basal anatropous ovules. Fruit a capsule with comose seeds. Dicecious. 



B. Ovary inferior. 



* Moncecious trees or shrubs, male flowers in aments, the pistillate solitary or few : fruit a nut : 



albumen none : leaves alternate. 



94. Juglandaceae, p. 92. Ovary 1-celled, with an erect orthotropous ovule. Style 1. Calyx 



becoming fleshy, enclosing a bony nut. Leaves pinnate, without stipules. 



95. Cupuliferae, p. 93. Pistillate flowers sessile (1 to 5) in a cup-like involucre. Ovary 2-6- 



celleil, 4-12-ovuled, becoming a 1-celled 1 -seeded nut in a thickened scaly or spiny 

 involucre. Styles 2 to 6. Anthers 2-celled. Leaves pinnately veined, with caducous 

 stipules. 



96. Corylaceae, p. 100. Pistillate flowers in a short ament. Ovary imperfectly 2-celled, with 



2 pendulous ovules. Fruit a 1-celled 1 -seeded nut in a foliaceous-tubular involucre. 

 Anther-cells separate. Leaves doubly toothed, plicate in veniation. 



* * Herbaceous : flowers perfect or dicecious, with colored calyx : stamens epigynous : oVary 



compound, with numerous ovules : fruit a capsule or berry : seeds albuminous. 



97. Aristolochiaceae, p. 101. Flowers perfect; calyx regular or irregular, 3-lobed, valvate. 



Stamens 6 to 12. Capsule 6-celled. Perennial herbs. 



98. Rafflesiaceae, p. 102. Leafless parasites, with regular mostly dicecious flowers. Fruit 



baccate. 



* * * Herbaceous or woody : calyx valvate, greenish ; stamens opposite the sepals : ovary 1-celled, 

 few-ovuled, becoming a 1-seeded berry or nut-like: seeds albuminous: leaves entire, without 

 stipules. 



99. Santalaceae, p. 103. Flowers perfect. Ovules 2 to 4, suspended from the top of a free 

 central placenta. Fruit nut-like, 1-seeded. Herbaceous with alternate leaves. 



100. Loranthaceae, p. 104. Parasitic dicecious evergreens on shrubs or trees, with opposite 



leaves and jointed stems. Ovule solitary, erect, orthotropous. Fruit a berry with 

 glutinous pulp. 



SUBCLASS II. GYMNOSPERM^E. Ovules naked upon a scale, bract, or disk, or within 

 a more or less open perianth. Moncecious or dioecious trees or shrubs, mostly ever- 

 greens, with usually rigid needle-shaped, subulate, or scale-like leaves. 



101. Gnetaceae, p. 108. Nearly naked jointed dicecious shrubs. Male flowers in aments ; 



anthers opening by terminal slits. Female subsolitary, bracteate, the ovule within an 

 oblong-ovoid perianth, open only at the apex, becoming hardened-coriaceous in fruit. 



102. Taxaceas, p. 109. Dioecious evergreens. Flowers solitary, axillary. Ovule solitary, in 



fruit a bony seed within a fleshy envelope or cup-shaped disk. 



103. Coniferae, p. 111. Mostly monoecious and evergreen. Female flowers in scaly aments 



becoming cones or berry-like. Ovules 2 or more at the base of each scale. 



