96 CUPULIFEILE. Quercus. 



4. Q. Breweri, Engelm. A shrub 2 to 6 feet high, with slightly pubescent 

 branchlets, at last glabrate : leaves small (1^ to 2 or rarely 3 inches long), deeply pin- 

 natifid ; lobes obtuse (rarely acutish) and einarginate, sometimes again lobed, on 

 petioles 2 or rarely 3 lines long : acorns sessile or on peduncles 6 to 9 lines long ; 

 cups rather shallow, mostly strongly tuberculate ; nuts oval, obtuse, an inch or more 

 in length. Q. fobata, subsp. fruticosa, Engelm. 1. c. 389. 



On the middle or higher elevations of the Sierra Nevada, from Calaveras County to the Oregon 

 line, forming "oak-chapparal." The foliage greatly resembles that of Q. lobatu, the acorns 

 rather those of Q. Garryana, and the oval brown slightly pubescent winter-buds, only 1 to 1 

 lines long, are similar to those of Q. Douylasii. 



++ ++ Leaves persistent thr~nif/h winter and mostly until the appearance of new 



leaves. 



o. Q. undulata, Torr., var. pungens, Engelm. 1. c. 392. A shrub 2 to 8 feet high, 

 ranch branched and of scraggy habit : leaves small (an inch long), broadly oval, 

 spinosely lobe-dentate, rarely nearly entire, coriaceous, pale green, on very short 

 petioles, pubescent or hoary beneath, mostly glabrate above : aments short (f to 1 

 inch long), woolly : calyx with 5 oval lobes and 5 to 8 (usually 6) small orbicular 

 anthers : acorns sessile or peduucled ; cups mostly hemispherical, only 3 or 4 lines 

 in diameter; nut slender, elongated, 6 to 10 lines long. Q. pungens, Liebm. 1. c. 

 171, in part. 



In the California Desert (Dr. Parry), the western limit of this variety, which is very common 

 in Arizona and eastward. I take this to be an extreme form of Q. undulatd. of the Rocky Moun- 

 tains, the large-leaved variety of which (var. Gambdii), with dark green obtusely lobed deciduous 

 leaves, has not yet been found so far to the southwest. The acorns are sweet and edible. 



6. Q. dumosa, Nutt. A tall shrub or small tree, 4 to 10 or 20 feet high, mostly 

 with slender straight branches, woolly when young : leaves coriaceous, mostly small 

 (a half-inch to an inch long, or rarely larger), on petioles a line or two long, oblong, 

 obtuse, rounded or rarely acute at base, entire or usually sinuate or sinuate-toothed, 

 on young shoots spinose-toothed, dark green above, pubescent beneath, the margins 

 rather revolute : aments about an inch long : calyx with 5 to 8 ovate-lanceolate 

 pubescent lobes and as many stamens : acorns sessile, exceedingly variable in size ; 

 cups deeply hemispherical, 4 to 10 lines wide, dark-colored and usually strongly 

 tubercled, rarely with rather flat scales ; nuts oval, an inch long or more, sometimes 

 slender and smaller. Sylva, i. 7 ; Engelm. 1. c. 393. Q. berberidlfolia, Liebm. 

 1. c. 172, in part. Q. acutidens, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 207, t. 51, a large-leaved 

 form. 



Var. bullata. Leaves rounder, thicker, paler, convex above, hoary on both sides 

 or only below. 



Common in the canons and on the arid slopes of the Coast Ranges from San Diego to San Fran- 

 cisco Bay ; the variety in the Santa Lucia Mountains (Brewer) and northward to Lake County, 

 Dr. Torrey. Closely allied to the last and frequently confounded with it, but occupying a dif- 

 ferent geographical area and bearing very different fruit. The leaves also are much less spiny, 

 except on young shoots, and more sinuate or sinuate-toothed. The variety has a peculiar aspect, 

 but can hardly be separated specifically. It appears to extend farther north than the principal 

 form. 



7. Q. oblongifolia, Torr. A middle-sized tree, 20 to 30 feet high, with pale 

 smoothish bark, as in Q. alba : leaves oblong, 1 or 2 inches long and half as wide, 

 on very short petioles (a line or two long), entire or with a few blunt teeth, obtuse 

 at each end or subcordate at base, at first soft-downy, the older ones entirely gla- 

 brous, coriaceous and almost without reticulation : calyx-lobes short, oval, woolly : 

 acorns sessile or ped uncled ; cups hemispherical, tubercled ; nuts oblong, i to 1 inch 

 long. Sitgreaves' Rep. 173, t. 19; Engelm. 1. c. 393. 



In the mountains of Southwestern California, from San Diego to Los Angeles, and eastward 

 into Chihuahua and New Mexico ; known as the Evergreen White Oak or Live Oak. The 



