Cupressus. CONIFERS. 



1. J. communis, Linn. A shrub or small tree, with spreading or pendulous 

 branches : leaves rigid, more or less spreading, 5 to 9 lines long: fruit dark-blue, 3 

 lines in diameter or more, 1 3-seeded. Var. alpina, Gaud. Low and decum- 

 bent or prostrate : leaves shorter (2 to 4 lines long) and less spreading. 



This Old World species occurs throughout British America, ranging southward in the moun- 

 tains to N. Carolina and New Mexico. The variety is found in the Sierra Nevada (Mono Pass, 

 Brewer} and in the Northern Coast Kanges (Del Norte County, Bolandcr), as well as eastward to 

 Maine, and is scarcely more than a reduced form of the species. 



* * Aments terminal on shoi't lateral branchlets : leaves ternate (or opposite), 

 of two forms, mostly adnate and scale-like, closely appressed and crowded upon 

 the branches and often glandular-pitted, occasionally more distant, free and 

 subulate. SABIXA, Spach. 



i- Fruit reddish, dry and sweetish. 



2. J. Californica, Carr. A shrub or small tree (sometimes 20 to 35 feet high), 

 conical, with stout spreading branches and thick branchlets : leaves ternate, short 

 and thick, mostly acute : fruit oblong-ovate, 5 to 7 lines long, of 6 or rarely 4 scales, 

 usually 1 -seeded : seed 4 to 6 lines long, very thick and bony, smooth, often angled 

 or grooved, brown with a whitish 2 - 3-lobed hilum : cotyledons 4 to 6. Rev. 

 Hort. iii. 352 ; Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis, iii. 588. J. tetragona, var. osteo- 

 sperma, Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 141. J. Cerroslanus, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 

 ii. 37. J. occidentalis, Parlatore, DC. Prodr. xvi 2 . 489, in part. 



Var. Utahensis, Engelm. 1. c. Branchlets more slender : fruit globose and 

 smaller, 3 or 4 lines in diameter. J. occidentalis, Watson, Bot. King Exp. 336, 

 mainly. 



The typical form is found chiefly in the Coast Ranges, from the Sacramento to San Diego ; the 

 variety is frequent from the Sierra Nevada through Nevada in the mountains to Arizona and S. 

 Utah. An original fruiting specimen of J. andina, Nutt., in herb. Gray, belongs here. Speci- 

 mens collected by Dr. E. Palmer in Guadalupe Island have large globose bluish fruit. 



- Fruit smaller, blue-black, resinous-fleshy. 



3. J. occidentalis, Hook. Much resembling the variety of the last species, 

 from which it is distinguished chiefly by the blue and resinous fruit, which is 3 or 

 4 lines in diameter : seeds 1 to 3, deeply pitted : cotyledons 2. Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 

 166 ; Engelm. 1. c. 590. J. andina, Nutt. Sylva, iii. 95, t. 110] 



Oregon, Idaho, and southward in the Sierra Nevada, at a rather higher elevation than the 

 last. 



2. CUPRESSUS, Tourn. CYPRESS. 



Flowers monoecious. Aments terminal, of few decussately opposite scales. Stami- 

 nate flowers small ; anther-cells 3 to 5 under each ovate obtuse subpeltate scale ; 

 pollen-grains simple. Fertile aments erect on short lateral branchlets, of 6 to 10 

 very thick peltate valvate scales, becoming a globose or subglobose woody eone, 

 maturing the second year. Ovules numerous, in several rows at the base of the 

 scales, erect. Seeds acutely angled. Cotyledons 2 to 4. Evergreen trees, with 

 small scale-like adnate and appressed decussately opposite and imbricated leaves, 

 usually glandular-pitted ; branches and leaves not 2-ranked. 



In the Old World 4 or 5 species are found in Central Asia and the Mediterranean region, while 

 in America the genus is confined to the Western Coast, 3 or 4 species being Mexican, and the 

 rest belonging to California. The wood resembles that of Ju,nij>erus, being close-grained, fra- 

 grant and durable. 



1. C. macrocarpa, Hartw. A tree (becoming 40 to 70 feet high), with rough 

 bark, spreading horizontal branches, and flattened top ; the branches with dark gray 

 and somewhat rugose bark ; branchlets rather stout : leaves bright green, acutish, 



