Libocedrus. CONIFERS. 115 



2 to 4 to each scale, wing-margined, 2 lines long. DC. Prodr. xvi 2 . 464. Cupres- 

 sus Lawsoniana, Murr. Edinb. New Phil. Journ. i. 292, t. 9 ; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 

 5581. Cupressus Nutkanus, Torr. Eot. Wilkes, t. 16. Cupressus fragrans, Kel- 

 logg, Proc. Calif. Acad. i. 103. Cupressus attenuata, Gordon, Piuet. 57. 



A handsome tree, in moist grounds, in the Shasta Mountains and northward in the Coast 

 Ranges of Oregon, very valuable for its timber and admired in cultivation. The wood is white 

 and very fragrant, fine and close-grained, free of knots and easily worked, elastic and very dura- 

 ble. It is known as " Oregon " or " White Cedar," and also as " Ginger Pine." It is extensively 

 cultivated for ornament, and numerous garden varieties have been produced. 



C. NUTKAEXSIS, Spach, a more northern species of the coast from the Columbia River to 

 Alaska, probably does not reach California. It is distinguished by its less slender habit and less 

 flattened branchlets, with larger more acute leaves, obscurely glandular ; cones somewhat larger, 

 of 4 or 6 more convex scales (thicker and greener) with very prominent central bosses. 



4. THUYA, Tourn. ARBOR- VITJE. 



Flowers monoecious. Aments terminal, of few scales decussately imbricated in 

 pairs. Staminate flowers numerous, very small, with 3 or 4 anthers under each of the 4 

 or 6 subpeltate broadly ovate pointed scales ; pollen-grains simple. Fertile aments ter- 

 minating stouter brauchlets, of 8 to 12 erect scales, with a pair of collateral erect 

 ovules at the base of each : cone soon strongly reflexed, maturing the first season, 

 small, ovate and cinnamon-colored ; the thin-coriaceous scales ovate, slightly mucro- 

 nate at the apex, the lowest and uppermost pairs sterile. Seeds lanceolate and 

 somewhat compressed, made suborbicular by nearly equal lateral wings. Cotyledons 

 2. Evergreen trees, with thin fibrous bark, scattered branches and distichous foli- 

 age ; leaves opposite, adnate and imbricate in 4 rows, oblong, with free acute tips, 

 somewhat dimorphous. 



Only three species are known, closely similar to each other, of which one belongs to the Atlan- 

 tic States and one to Japan. 



1. T. gigantea, Nutt. A tall graceful tree (often 100 to 250 feet high or more, 

 and 3 to 12 feet in diameter), narrowly pyramidal, with spreading and somewhat 

 drooping branches : foliage light green and shining ; leaves acuminate and subpun- 

 gent, very obscurely glandular : male flowers a line long : cones somewhat clustered 

 near the ends of the branches, a half-inch long, the scales with a thin acute usually 

 appressed mturo : seeds a little shorter than the wings, which are 3 lines long, dis- 

 tinct, and slightly unequal. Journ. Philad. Acad. vii. 52, and Sylva, iii. 102, t. 

 Ill; Newberry, >acif. R. Eep. vi. 56, fig. 22; Parlatore, DC. Prodr. xvi 2 . 457. 

 T. plicata, Donn; Parlat. 1. c. T. Menziesii, Dougl. ; Carr. Couif. 106. 



A fine tree, frequent in the Coast Ranges and Cascade Mountains of Oregon, but rather rare in 

 California. It is said to range from San Diego County to Sitka. It has much resemblance to the 

 Libocedrus, except in fruit, and may readily be confounded with it. The eastern species, T. occi- 

 dcnlalis, is smaller and much less graceful, and has more conspicuously glandular leaves and 

 smaller cones with scarcely mucronate scales. The wood is soft, tine-grained, light-colored, easily 

 split and very durable. 



5. LIBOCEDRUS, Endl. WHITE CEDAR of California. 



Staminate flowers with 1 2 or more filament-scales. Cones not reflexed, of 4 or 6 

 erect subverticillate and somewhat valvate thick-coriaceous scales, the lower pair 

 smaller and sterile, the third pair (when present) also sterile and connate. Seeds 

 very unequally winged. Otherwise as Tkuya. 



Only four species are recognized, of which two are natives of South America from Chili to Cape 

 Horn, and one is found in New Zealand. Our species differs so far from the others as to hav 



