120 CONIFERS. Pseudotsuya. 



1. P. Douglasii, Carr. 1. c. A gigantic tree (200 to over, 300 feet high and 8 to 

 15 feet in diameter), with very thick brown deeply tissured bark : leaves linear, dis- 

 tinctly petioled, mostly obtuse or obtusish, 8 to 12 lines long, or on robust shoots 

 even 16 lines long, by | line wide: male flowers oblong-cylindrical, 5 to 10 lines 

 long, half enclosed in large loose orbicular involucral scales : cones 2 to 3 or rarely 4 

 inches long, subcylindrical ; bracts more or less exsert and spreading or reflexed : 

 seeds triangular, on the upper side convex and reddish brown, on the lower flat and 

 white, 3 lines long ; wings 3 to 4| lines long, broadest at base, acutish : cotyledons 

 6 to 8. Engelm. in Wheeler's Rep. vi. 257. Pinus Douglasii, Sabine ; Hook. 

 Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 162, t. 183; Parlat. in DC. Prodr. xvi 2 . 430. Abies Douglasii, 

 Lindl. ; Nutt. Sylva, iii. 129, t. 115 ; Newberry, Pacif. E. Eep. vi. 54, t. 8. Tsuga 

 Douglasii, Carr. 



Var. macrocarpa. A smaller tree, 40 to 50 or rarely 80 feet high, 1| to 2 or 

 3 feet thick, with long spreading branches, and narrower often acutish leaves : male 

 flowers nearly an inch long : cones 5 to 7 inches long, 2 inches thick ; scales large 

 in proportion ; bracts not as long as in the typical form : seeds and wing both 5 

 lines long : cotyledons 9 to 12. A bies Douglasii, var. macrocarpa, Torr. in Ives' 

 Rep. 28. A. macrocarpa, Vasey in Gard. Monthly, Jan. 1876. 



Throughout the Coast Ranges and in the Sierra Nevada up to 6,000 or 8,000 feet, and also 

 northward near the coast, attaining its largest proportions in Oregon, and extending in a smaller 

 form to the Rocky Mountains. A beautiful tree, readily distinguished by its fringed cones, or 

 else by the flat always petioled leaves. The variety occurs in the canons of the foothills of the 

 San Bernardino Mountains, and in the San Felipe Canon, at an elevation of 3,000 to 5,000 feet, 

 with oaks and below most of the coniferous trees. It looks very distinct, but with the exception 

 of the proportions of the cones and seeds no reliable specific characters can be discovered. Tran- 

 sition forms between the two have not yet been found. 



9. TSUGA, Carriere. HEMLOCK SPRUCE. 



Male flowers a subglobose cluster of stamens, from the axils of last year's leaves, 

 the long stipe surrounded by numerous bud-scales ; commissure of the anthers ter- 

 minating in a short spur or knob ; cells opening transversely by a continuous slit. 

 Female araents terminal on last year's branchlets ; bract somewhat shorter than the 

 scale. Cones maturing in the first year, pendulous ; scales and short enclosed bracts 

 persistent on the axis. Seeds with resin-vesicles on the surface ; wing at last break- 

 ing off. Cotyledons 3 to 5 or 6. Large trees, with slender often drooping terminal 

 branchlets ; leaves flat or angled, appearing 2-ranked, with a single dorsal resin- 

 duct, conspicuously petioled, articulated on a prominent and at length ligneous and 

 persistent base. Conif. 185. Pinus, Linn., in part. Pinus, sect. Tsuga, Endl. ; 

 Parlat. Abies, Michx., in part. 



Of the 5 species of this genus, two belong to eastern Asia, one to eastern and two to western 

 North America. Four of these species are so closely allied that they can be distinguished only 

 with difficulty. The single species of our second section has somewhat aberrant characters. 



* Leaves flat, obtuse, stomatose only beneath: pollen-grains discoidal: cones small, 

 an inch long or less. EUTSUGA. 



1. T. Mertensiana, Carr. A very large tree (100 to 200 feet high), with 

 rather thick red-brown bark ; ultimate branchlets very slender, roughish, and when 

 young long-hairy : leaves linear, 4 to 9 lines long and about line wide, abruptly 

 petioled, entire or usually minutely spinulose-serrate toward the rounded tip, shining 

 above, when young with two white bands beneath : male flowers 2 or 2^- lines in 

 diameter, shorter than the stipe : cones oblong-cylindrical, pointed, slightly pubes- 

 cent ; bracts truncate ; scales longer than wide : seeds 1 to li lines long, the wing 

 twice as long or more, scarcely widened toward the base : cotyledons 3, sometimes 4. 



