Pin-us. CONIFERS. 125 



Thus far found but once, by Dr. C. C. Parry, 40 miles southeast of San Diego, just across the 

 boundary line, at an altitude of 2,000 or 3,000 1'eet. One of the four nut pines, and distinguished 

 from the last principally by the number of leaves in a sheath. 



H -t Leaves in fives : cones ovate to subcylindrical, with numerous scales: seeds 



small, winged. 



6. P. Balfouriana, Jeffrey. A medium-sized tree, seldom over 50 feet high 

 and sometimes 5 feet in diameter, of regular pyramidal growth : bark red-brown, 

 deeply fissured : leaves 1 to 1^ inches long, rigid, curved, crowded and appressed to 

 the stem and persistent for 10 or 15 years : male flowers oval, a half-inch long, with 

 4 irivolucral bracts ; anthers with a short irregularly denticulate crest : cones pendu- 

 lous from the slender branchlets, subcylindrical, 3| to 4 or rarely 5 inches long, 

 dark purple ; apophyses thick, with short deciduous prickles : seeds pale, mottled, 

 3| to 4 lines long; wing 6 to 10 lines long, widest about the middle : cotyledons 5. 

 Gordon, Pin. 217. 



Yar. aristata. Tree 50 to sometimes TOO feet high : anthers with scarcely a 

 knob : cones ovate, with thinner scales, and with shorter recurved or slender awn- 

 like prickles : seeds smaller, 3^ lines long, the wings 3| to 5 lines long : cotyledons 

 6 or 7. P. aristata, Engelm. 1. c. 331, and Trans. Acad. St. Louis, ii. 205, t. 5, 6 ; 

 Parlat. 1. c. 400. 



Alpine, on mountains near Mount Shasta (Jeffrey) ; on the flanks of Scott Mountains, form- ' 

 ing a dark green belt from 5,000 to 8,000 feet altitude between the lighter colored P. monticola 

 below and P. flr.xilis, var. albicaulis, above it (Lcmmon) ; on the head-waters of King and Kern 

 Rivers (Brewer, Stcgman), and on Mount Whitney, Rothrock. The variety, with recurved 

 prickles, on the Inyo Mountains (Stegman) and thence sparsely scattered on the higher moun- 

 tains through Nevada, Northern Arizona and Southern Utah ; the form with awned scales in 

 Colorado. Mr. Lenmion describes the bark as reddish brown ; the Colorado form has reddish 

 gray bark. The reddish wood is of extremely slow growth, hard and tough. Hypoderm cells 

 surround the leaf and also the ducts, distinguishing the leaves from those of P. flcxilis. 



* * Resin-ducts parenchymatous : leaves serrulate, with stomata upon all sides; 



sheaths persistent. 



Cones subterminal. 

 H- Leaves in fives. 



7. P. Torreyana, Parry. A small tree, 20 or 30 feet high and 12 to 15 inches 

 in diameter : leaves crowded at the ends of the thick branchlets in the axils of 

 lanceolate strongly fringed bracts, very stout, 8 to 1 1 inches long ; young sheaths 

 15 to 18 lines long, old ones 6 lines long : cones ovate, 4 to 4J inches long by 3 

 thick, patulous or deflexed on peduncles an inch long ; umbo short and stout or 

 sometimes elongated and inflexed : seeds oval, 8 to 10 lines long, twice as long as 

 the wing, which encloses the seed with a thick rim: cotyledons 13 or 14. Bot.- 

 Mex. Bound. 210, t. 58, 59. P. lophosperma, Lindl. in Gard. Chron. 1860, 46 : 

 Parlat. 1. c. 391. 



On the coast of Southern California, from San Diego to San Pedro, buffeted by the sea winds 

 and generally crooked and much defaced. The leaves are perhaps the stoutest of any known 

 pine ; seeds large and edible. 



H- -H- Leaves in threes. 



8. P. ponderosa, Dougl. One of the largest pines known (200 to 300 feet 

 high and 12 to 15 feet in diameter), with very thick red-brown bark, deeply fur- 

 rowed and split in large plates : leaves on stout branchlets in the axils of strongly 

 fringed somewhat persistent bracts, 5 to 9 or even 1 1 inches long ; the thin sheaths 

 at first 9 or 10 (later 3) lines long : male flowers cylindric, flexuous, H to 2 inches 

 long, crowded into a short head ; involucre of 10 or 12 bracts ; anthers" with a large 

 semicircular scarcely dentate crest : cones oval, 3 or 4 (rarely 5) inches long, U to 2 

 inches thick, of a rich brown color, sessile or subsessile, spreading or slightly re- 

 curved, often 3 to 5 together ; umbo high, with a stout straight or incurved prickle : 



