Pinus. CONIFERS. 127 



The variety is a common tree on the higher Sierra Nevada to an altitude of 8,000 or 9,000 feet, 

 extending into Oregon and in the Rocky Mountains southward to Colorado and Utah. In the 

 Sierra Nevada the cones are more deciduous, but in Colorado they are as persistent as on the 

 coast. Jeffrey's specimens on which P. Murrayana was based came from the high Sierras and 

 are undoubtedly P. contort.a, while P. muricata, with which they have been confounded, never 

 occurs far from the sea and is otherwise very distinct. 



P. MURICATA may be looked for here, as a form of it is found that seems to have sometimes 

 terminal cones. 



i -i Cones lateral. 



-H- Leaves in threes. 



10. P. Sabiniana, Dougl. An open-branched round-topped tree, with rough 

 ash-gray bark, slender glaucous branchlets and sparse foliage : leaves drooping, slen- 

 der, light-green or glaucous, 8 to 1 2 inches long and half a line wide, their sheaths 

 an inch long, or later but half that length ; bracts deciduous : male flowers oblong, 

 about 10 lines long, in an elongated spike; involucral bracts 10 to 15, the exterior 

 pair minute ; crest of anthers semi-orbicular : female arnent on a peduncle \\ inches 

 long: cone short-oval, acutish, massive, 6 to 10 inches long by 4 to 6 in diameter, 

 deep mahogany-brown, persistent, with stout projecting apophyses and robust some- 

 what incurved points : seeds subcylindric, 9 to 12 lines long, dark; wing scarcely 

 half as long, with broad rim : cotyledons 15 or 16. Lamb. Pin. 1 ed. 146 ; 2s T utt. 

 Sylva, iii. t, 113 ; Xewberry, 1. c. 39, tig. 13 ; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound, t. 57. 



Abundant, but scattered or in small groves, over the dry and hot hills of the Coast Ranges, in 

 the Sacramento Valley, and on the foothills of the Sierra Nevada through the whole length of the 

 State, not over 4,000 feet above the sea, and occasionally on their eastern slope (Owen's Valley, 

 Rothrock). One of the " Nut Pines," and most important to the Indians, in appearance very dif- 

 ferent from all other pines. 



11. P. Coulteri, Don. A tree 1 or 2 feet in diameter, with very thick rough 

 and almost black bark : leaves crowded at the ends of the thick branchlets, stiff, 

 erect, 6 or 8 to 10 or 11 inches long and f line wide; young sheaths 1| inches 

 long, a half-inch when old ; bracts much fringed : male flowers cylindric, 18 to 20 

 lines long, surrounded by 8 or 10 bracts, the outer half as long as the inner ; anthers 

 crested : cones shortly peduncled, long-oval, pointed, 10 to 14 inches long and 4 or 

 5 thick, yellowish-brown, persistent many years ; scales with a broad elongated 

 apophysis and a very stout long incurved point (sometimes 2 inches long) : seeds 

 oval, slightly ridged, black, 6 to 8 lines long ; wing 10 to 15 lines long : cotyledons 

 11 to 14. Linn. Trans, xvii. 440; Parlat. 1. c. 392. P. macrocarpa, Lindl. Bot. 

 lieg. xxvi. misc. 61. 



In the Coast Ranges, at moderate elevations, from Monte Diablo to the southern border of the 

 State. Wood brittle. Similar to the last species, but readily recognized by the thicker and 

 stiffer branchlets and leaves. The cones are sometimes shorter and thicker than usual, with very 

 short spurs, and may then be mistaken for those of P. Sabiniana, but the seeds and wings (or 

 their impressions on the scales) will always distinguish them. 



12. P. insignis, Dougl. A tree 80 to 100 feet high and 2 or 3 feet in diameter, 

 with thick much-h'ssured bark : leaves 4 to 5 or rarely 6 inches long, slender (only 

 half a line wide), very closely serrate, 'bright green, their bracts not fringed : male 

 flowers oblong, half an inch long, in a spike 1 to 1| inches in length, and surrounded 

 by 10 involucral bracts ; anthers small, crested : cones shortly peduncled, in clusters, 

 deflexed, very obliquely short-oval, pointed, 3 to 5^ inches long and 2 or 3 thick, 

 deep chestnut-brown, very persistent and often remaining closed for many years ; 

 scales on the outer side and especially toward the base enlarged, very thick and 

 hemispherical, rarely flat, on the inner side flat and much smaller ; all at last nearly 

 unarmed : seeds grooved and tuberculated, black, 3 or 4 lines long; wing 8 to 10 

 lines long, widest above the middle: cotyledons 5 to 7. Loud. Arbor, iv. 2243, 

 fig. 21327 ; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound, t. 55 (poor). P. Californiana, Lois, in Nouv. 

 Duham. v. 243? P. adunca, Bosc ; Poir. in Lam. Diet. Suppl. iv. 418 1 P. radiata 



