168 LILIACE^E. FritiUaria. 



nearly so, many-ovuled : styles slender, usually exceeding the stamens, united to 

 the middle or throughout, deciduous. Capsule membranaceous, broadly obovate or 

 shortly oblong, obtusely or acutely 6-angled or 6-winged, loculicidally 3-valved. 

 Seeds numerous, horizontal, flat, in 2 rows in each cell, with thin light brownish 

 testa. Stems erect, simple, leafy, from scaly bulbs ; leaves scattered or verticillate, 

 narrow, sessile; flowers solitary or racemose, leafy-bracteate, mostly dull-colored, 

 nodding : bulbs (in our species) of very thick fleshy scales, small, the scales usually 

 terminating in a scarious appendage, sometimes 1 or 2 of them leaf-bearing in early 

 spring, occasionally surrounded by thin membranous coats. Baker, Journ. Linn. 

 Soc. xiv. 251. Amblirion, Raf. Liliorhiza, Kellogg. 



A genus of over 50 species, distributed throughout the northern temperate zone, but in America 

 confined to the Pacific coast. About 30 species are Asiatic, and half as many are European. One 

 only of the following American species is also Siberian. Some are very ornamental and have long 

 been familiar in gardens, and most of the Californian species are worthy of cultivation. 



* Styles distinct above ; stigmas linear. 



i- Capsules rather obtusely angled: flowers mostly large (an hick long}. 



LILIORHIZA, Baker. 



1. F. recurva, Benth. Bulb of numerous thick scales 3 or 4 lines long or less : 

 stem rather stout, 8 to 18 inches high, 1 - 9-flowered : leaves linear-lanceolate, 

 usually 8 to 12, mostly in 2 whorls near the middle of the stem, 3 or 4 inches long : 

 flowers described as scarlet outside and yellow spotted with scarlet within, though 

 dried specimens appear thickly blotched and tinged with light reddish purple or 

 scarlet; segments narrowly oblanceolate, with tips usually recurved, 12 to 18 lines 

 long ; nectary obscure : stamens a little shorter, equalling the very slender styles ; 

 anthers nearly 2 lines long. PL Hartw. 340 ; Baker, 1. c. 272, and Bot. Mag. 

 t. 6264. 



In the Sierra Nevada, from Placer County northward into Oregon. The figure cited does not 

 represent the ordinary form of the species, either in the scarlet and yellow colors of the small 

 flowers or in the stout obscurely 3-lobed style. 



2. F. liliacea, Lindl. Bulbs of few very thick scales 3 or 4 lines long : stem 

 slender, 6 to 12 inches high, 1 -5-flowered : leaves 5 to 10, usually approximate or 

 verticillate near the base, oblanceolate to linear, 1 to 3 inches long : flowers greenish 

 white, not blotched ; segments rather broadly oblanceolate, spreading, 8 to 1 2 lines 

 long : stamens 4 lines long, shorter than the stout style ; anthers 1 to 1 1 lines long, 

 oblong, mucronate: capsule distinctly stipitate, half an inch long and broad, truncate 

 at each end. Bot. Reg. xx, under t. 1663; Baker, 1. c. 273. F. alba, Kellogg, 

 Proc. Calif. Acad. i. 46. Liliorhiza lanceolata, Kellogg, same, ii. 46, tig. 1 ; Regel, 

 Gartenfl. 1871, t. 715. 



About San Francisco, and probably throughout the lower Sacramento Valley. 



3. F. biflora, Lindl. 1. c. Bulb of a few very thick and fleshy ovate scales, 3 

 to 5 lines long, often tipped with a small ovate scarious blade : stem usually stout, 

 6 to 18 inches high, 1 -3-flowered : leaves 2 to 6, mostly near the base, scattered or 

 somewhat verticillate, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate or sometimes linear, 2 to 4 

 inches long : flowers dark brownish purple tinged with green ; segments widely 

 spreading, oblong-oblanceolate, about an inch long, with obscure nectaries : stamens 

 4 or 5 lines long with mucronate anthers 2 lines long : style stout : capsule broadly 

 obovoid and somewhat 6-angled, 6 to 9 lines long. Baker, 1. c. F. Kamtschat- 

 censis, Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 146. F. lanceolata, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound, t. 61. 

 F. Grayana, Reichenb. f. & Baker, Trim. Journ. Bot. 2 ser. vii. 262. 



In the Coast Ranges from San Diego to Mendocino County. Flowering at San Diego in Feb- 

 ruary and abundant there in stony places. 



