Juncus. JUNCACE^E. 203 



Var. macrantha. Perianth 2 or 3 lines long, much exceeding tlie broad obtuse 

 capsule : anthers linear, equalling or twice longer than the tilainent : seed larger, 

 the appendage always short. 



Var. subsessilis. Spikes solitary or few, nearly sessile, loose : perianth-seg- 

 ments lax and scarious : otherwise as the last variety. 



Var. congesta. Spikes several, sessile and close, forming a somewhat pyramidal 

 head: perianth brown, 1^ lines long. Z. campestris, var. congesta, Meyer, as to 

 American localities. 



In the Coast Ranges and in the Sierra Nevada from Monte Diablo and the Yosemite northward 

 to Oregon and Alaska ; also in the Rocky Mountains. Very variable ; the last variety near the 

 coast. 



4. L. campestris, DC. Very similar to the typical form of the last species, 

 but usually less villous ; bracts short ; spikes dense, short and ovate ; perianth- 

 segments 1 to 1 lines long, often dark brown. Meyer, 1. c. 407 ; Reichenb. 1. c., 

 t. 375. 



A very widely distributed species and very common in the Atlantic States, but apparently rare 

 westward. It occurs in Oregon (Hall) and Alaska, and has been collected in Plumas County by 

 Mrs. E. M. Austin. 



L. SPICATA, Desv. (Reichenb. 1. c., t. 379), with carinate and folded leaves, usually a solitary 

 and compound dense nodding spike, short perianth and usually dark brown acute capsule a line 

 long, and seeds not appendaged, is an alpine and arctic species which may also be found in the 

 high Sierra Nevada; Washington Territory (Lyall), E. Humboldt Mountains (Watson), and 

 eastward. 



2. JUNCUS, Linn. Boo-RusH. 



Stamens 6, or sometimes 3 by suppression of the inner ones. Capsule globose to 

 pyramidal, many-seeded, 3-valved, 3-celled with central placentae or 1-celled with 

 parietal placentae. Perennial or sometimes annual, in water or moist places, gla- 

 brous, with simple terete often pithy stems, leafy or leafless; leaves terete, channelled, 

 or flat, sometimes equitant, in some species knotted ; flowers solitary or clustered, in 

 cymes, panicles, or heads. Engelm. in Trans. St. Louis Acad. ii. 424. 



A genus of about 1 30 species, many of them widely distributed and a few almost cosmopolitan. 

 Over 50 species are North American. They are frequently abundant, forming bogs in marshy 

 places, but are of little use and furnish poor and innutritious fodder. 



* Perennials, with naked terete stems : leaves terete or none : panicle lateral, sessile. 

 Flowers clustered : inner sheaths leaf- bearing : stem and leaves stout 



and pungent. 

 Inner perianth-segments obovate, emarginate, a line long : capsule 



subglobose, obtuse. 1. ,1. ROBUSTUS. 



Segments lanceolate, acute, 3 lines long : capsule ovate, obtuse. 2. J. CoOPERl. 



Flowers solitary : sheaths leafless (except in u. 5 and n. 10): less rigid 



and mostly more slender. 

 Flowers large, in compound panicles : capsule oblong-ovate. 



Often stout : panicle lax and spreading : flowers 3 lines long : cap- 

 sule acute, not beaked. 3. J. LESEURII. 

 Flowers smaller : capsule angled, mucronate or beaked. 4. J. BALTICUS. 

 Low and very slender : panicle loose, few-flowered : sheaths fre- 

 quently leaf-bearing. 5. J. COMPRESSUS. 

 Stem stouter, somewhat flattened : panicle small and dense. 6. J. BREWERI. 

 Flowers smaller, in compound panicles : capsule obovate or subglo- 

 bose. 

 Perianth a line long : stamens 3 : capsule clavate-obovate, obtuse 



or retuse. 7. J. EFFUSUS. 



Perianth longer, more spreading : stamens 6 : capsule subglobose, 



obtuse, apiculate. 8. J. PATENS. 



Flowers few (1 to 3) : low and alpine : capsule oblong. 



Inner sheaths bristle-tipped : capsule retuse. 9. J. DRUMMONDII. 



Inner sheaths leaf-bearing : capsule acute. 10. J. PARRYI. 



