Juncus. JUNCACE^E. 209 



21. J. dubius, Engelm. 1. c. 459. Stems rather stout, 2 to 4 feet high, from 

 stout horizontal rootstocks : leaves somewhat compressed : panicle compound, diffuse, 

 3 to 12 inches long ; heads 6 - 20-flowered, numerous : perianth brown or brownish, 

 1| lines long ; the segments lanceolate, acuminate : anthers elongated, exceeding the 

 filament : capsule and seeds as in the last. 



Big Tree Grove, Mariposa County (Bolander); Walker's Basin, Kern County (Rothrock, n. 287); 

 Cuyamaca Mountains (Palmer, n. 384, distributed as J. nodosus); and apparently also from Ore- 

 gon (Hall, n. 547, 548, distributed as J. acuminatus ; Howell), but the seed-testa somewhat 

 paler and thicker. 



22. J. Nevadensis, Watson. Stem very slender, from a slender creeping root- 

 stock, \ to 2 feet high, somewhat compressed, as also the very narrow (rarely a line 

 broad) leaves : ligules present : heads small, few to rather many in a short open 

 panicle, or frequently solitary : perianth-segments brownish, lanceolate, acuminate, 2 

 lines long : anthers linear, exceeding the filament : stigmas long-exserted : capsule 

 oblong, abruptly acute and beaked, nearly equalling the perianth : seeds minute, 

 narrow, apiculate at each end. Proc. Arner. Acad. xiv. 303. J. phceocep/ialus, var. 

 gracilis, Engelm. 1. c. 473. 



Frequent in the Sierra Nevada, from Kern County (Rothrock) to Oregon. 



i- H- Leaves flattened laterally and equitant, mostly broader : stem compressed 



and usually acutely edged. 



23. J. oxymeris, Engelm. 1. c. 483. Differing from J. dubius only in the an- 

 cipital stems, the broader and flattened leaves (1^ to 3 lines broad), and in the seeds, 

 which are lighter colored and more finely reticulated : capsule usually more attenuate 

 above, exceeding the linear-lanceolate perianth-segments : anthers twice longer than 

 the filament. 



From Mariposa County and the Sacramento Valley to Oregon. Distinguished from the follow- 

 ing species by the numerous small heads, narrower segments, and narrow attenuate capsule. 



24. J. xiphioides, Meyer. Stems from a thick creeping rootstock, ancipital, 2 

 to 4 feet high : leaves usually broad (2 or even 3 lines wide or more), the sheaths 

 without ligules : heads numerous, few - many- (3 - 20-) flowered, in a compound 

 panicle: perianth-segments brownish, H lines long, lanceolate, acuminate, about 

 equalling the oblong acute capsule, twice longer than the 6 stamens : anthers very 

 small, oblong-linear, equalling or much shorter than the filaments : seeds very small, 

 ovate-oblanceolate, reticulate and finely cross-lined within the veining. Engelm. 

 1. c. 481. 



Var. auratus, Engelm. 1. c. Heads few-flowered, pale straw-color : capsule ex- 

 ceeding the perianth, with a longer slender beak. 



Var. montanus, Engelm. 1. c. Lower (usually 1| feet high or less) and leaves 

 narrower (a line or two wide) : heads few (1 to 9), usually many- (12 50-) flowered : 

 perianth usually equalling the acute capsule. 



Var. triandrus, Engelm. 1. c. 482. A foot or two high : heads solitary or few, 

 many-flowered (sometimes several and few-flowered) : stamens 3 : perianth rather 

 larger, often dark brown, equalling or shorter than the acute capsule. Heads often 

 very large and almost black. 



A very variable species, ranging from Alaska to California and New Mexico. The typical form 

 is mostly confined to the Coast Ranges (San Francisco to Fort Tejon), but lias also been collected 

 in Truckee Valley (Bloomer, Watson) ; the var. auratus is found on Monte Diablo (Brewer) vav. 

 montanus is a common widely distributed form eastward of the Sierra Nevada ; var. triandnts is 

 very similar to it, occurring in the Sierra Nevada (common in the Yosemite Valley, Bolander, 

 Torrcy) and also in the Coast Ranges, and northward to Alaska. 



25. J. pheeocephalus, Engelm. 1. c. 484. A similar and very variable species, 

 distinguished chiefly by the larger anthers, usually much exceeding the filaments and 

 nearly equalling the perianth, and by the more closely reticulated seeds without 

 cross-lineation ; the typical form (| to 2 feet high) has somewhat larger flowers 



