230 CYPERACE^C. Garex. 



2. Spikes composed of sessile androgynous spikelets, rarely dioecious : stigmas 2. 



* Spikes dioecious, or the spikelets androgynous with the male and female flowers 



irregularly situated. 



5. C. bromoides, Schk. Stems densely tufted, 1 to 2 J feet high, very slender, 

 often decumbent, sharply angled, scabrous : leaves flat, grass-like, 1 to 1| lines broad, 

 shorter than the stems : bracts scale-like, the lowest clasping, setaceous, sometimes 

 longer than their spikelets : spikes pale, becoming ferruginous, linear or narrowly 

 oblong, an inch or two long, of from 4 to 8 ellipsoidal loosely-flowered spikelets, con- 

 tiguous or the lowest somewhat remote, male or female or androgynous (male at top 

 or at bottom), 3 to 7 lines long by 2 lines thick, the terminal one the largest ; 

 scales membranous, hyaline, white with green midnerves, becoming ferruginous, 

 ovate-lanceolate, acute or cuspidate : perigynium membranous, linear-lanceolate, at- 

 tenuate to a long obliquely cut entire or bidentate beak, spongy at base, plano-con- 

 vex, scabrous on the sharp margins, nerved, with a long fissure on the outer side, 

 longer than and as broad as the scale : nutlet closely invested by the perigynium, 

 oblong-ovate, obtuse, narrowed at base, lenticular, chestnut-colored, shining : style 

 enlarged at base, deciduous. Car. fig. 176 ; Boott, 1. c. ii. 82, t. 227. 



In the Calaveras Grove (Bolander, n. 2315) ; in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, and east- 

 ward from British America to Florida. 



6. C. siccata, Dewey. Eootstock creeping extensively, clothed with short lance- 

 olate scales and bearing slender sharply angled stems ^ to 2 inches apart and | to 2 

 feet high : leaves rather rigid, ^ to 2 lines broad : bracts scale-like, the lowest 

 roughly cuspidate, mostly shorter than the spikelets : spikes oblong, f to 2 inches 

 long by 2 to 4 lines thick, ferruginous, of from 4 to 12 ovoid alternate simple spike- 

 lets 2 to 8 lines long by 1 to 4 thick, crowded or the lower subremote, the ter- 

 minal female or female at base and the intermediate ones male, or the male and female 

 flowers variously mingled; scales membranous, ovate-lanceolate, acute, ferruginous, 

 with broad hyaline margins : perigynium membranous, oval or ovate, acuminate to a 

 long sharply bidentate beak, fissured on the outer side, unequally serrate on the 

 winged margins, plano-convex, nerved, about equalling the scale : nutlet oblong, 

 plano-convex, dark chestnut, shining. Am. Journ. Sci. x. 278; Boott, 1. c., i. 19, 

 t. 52, 146. C. pallida, Meyer, Cyp. Nov. 215, t. 8. 



In dry soil, in the Sacramento Valley (Hariweg, n. 2023) and near Mark West Creek (Bigelow), 

 and in the Sierra Nevada northward to the Columbia River, in the Rocky Mountains from British 

 America to Colorado, and in the northern Atlantic States ; also in northeastern Asia. 



7. C. disticha, Hudson. Rootstock creeping, clothed with lanceolate brown 

 scales : stems 1 to 3 feet high, scabrous above on the sharp angles : leaves a line or 

 two broad, mostly shorter than the stem : bracts cuspidate from a lanceolate base, 

 the lower prolonged beyond their spikelets, the lowest sometimes equalling the stem : 

 spike ferruginous, 1 to 3 inches long by 3 to 8 lines thick, oblong, lanceolate or 

 linear, obtuse, of numerous ellipsoidal or ovoid or subspherical spikelets, contiguous 

 or the lower distinct ; arrangement of the flowers very variable, the upper and mid- 

 dle spikelets being frequently almost wholly staminate and the lower principally 

 or entirely female, or rarely all entirely female or male at top ; scales ferruginous 

 with hyaline margins, membranous, ovate, acute : perigynium ovate or oval, grad- 

 ually tapering to a rather short obliquely cut entire (at length bidenticulate) beak, 

 long-fissured on the outer side, stipitate, plano-convex, nerved, punctate, serrate above 

 on the sharp or narrowly winged margins, about equalling the scale : nutlet loosely 

 invested by the perigynium, ovate or orbicular, lenticular, chestnut-colored, shining. 

 Boott, 111. iii. 125, t. 410. C. intermedia, Good.; Keichenb. 1. c., t. 210. 

 C. Sartwellii, Dewey, Am. Journ. Sci. xliii. 90. 



Collected by Bolander, but locality uncertain, and near Carson City (Stretch, Watson} ; from 

 the Saskatchewan to the northern Atlantic States, and in the Rocky Mountains southward to 

 Colorado and Utah ; also through Europe and northern Asia. 



