232 CYPERACE^E. Carcx. 



9 or 10 or more ovate spikelets closely aggregated in an ellipsoidal or ovate head 8 

 to 10 lines long and 5 or 6 thick ; scales membranous, ferruginous with green mid- 

 nerves and hyaline margins, ovate, acute or mucronate, striate : perigynium ovate, 

 beaked, sharply bidentate, fissured on the outer side, membranous, smooth, nerved, 

 serrate on the sharp margins, longer than and as broad as the scale : nutlet chestnut- 

 colored, orbicular, produced at base, lenticular : style enlarged at base. Hook. Fl. 

 Bor.-Am. ii. 211, t. 211, and 111. i. 17, t. 46. 



In the Sierra Nevada from the Yosemite Valley (Bolander, n. 6215, 6218) to Oregon ; at Soda 

 Springs on the Tuolumne at 9,000 feet altitude (Brewer, n. 1702, 1772) and in Sierra Valley 

 (Lemmori) ; found also in Kamtschatka. 



12. C. foetida, All. Eootstock stout, creeping : stem 3 to 18 inches high, 

 sharply angled, rough above, leafy toward the base : leaves a line or two broad, 

 spreading, tapering to a very slender triangular summit : bracts scale-like, cuspidate, 

 shorter than the stem : spike dark brown, ovoid or subglobose, 5 to 7 lines long and 

 4 to 6 thick, of many densely crowded spikelets : perigynium membranous, elliptical 

 or ovate, attenuate to a bidentate beak, plano-convex, stipitate, rough above on the 

 sharp margins, slenderly nerved at base, longer than the ovate-lanceolate acute or 

 mucronate ferruginous pale-margined scale : nutlet oblong or obovate, lenticular, 

 tipped with the enlarged base of the style, nearly black at maturity. Schkuhr, 

 Car. fig. 96 ; Eeichenb. 1. c., t. 199. 



In the Sierra Nevada, at Ebbett's Pass near snow (Brewer, n. 2066) and in the Calaveras 

 Grove (Bolander, n. 2304), and in the Cuiamaca Mountains (Palmer, n. 389) ; in the mountains of 

 Colorado, Utah and Wyoming, and in the Alps and Pyrenees of Europe. 



13. C. muricata, Linn., var. gracilis, Boott. Eootstock creeping, clothed with 

 imbricated strongly nerved purple scales : stem very slender, f to 2 feet high, 

 sharply angled, scabrous : leaves shorter than the stem, a line broad, tapering to a 

 very slender setaceous summit : bracts ovate, awned, commonly exceeding the spike- 

 lets, the lowest setaceous and often an inch or two long : spike chestnut-colored, 

 f to 1| inches long, oblong or cylindrical, of from 4 to 10 ovate crowded or approxi- 

 mate spikelets ; male flowers few ; scales ovate or lanceolate, very acute or mucro- 

 nate, chestnut-colored with green midnerve and hyaline margins : perigynium oval, 

 acute at base, rather abruptly acuminate to a sharply bidentate beak, convex on the 

 outer side, serrate above on the sharp incurved margins, nerved or nerveless, shorter 

 than the scale : nutlet oval or obovate, slightly narrowed to the base, lenticular. 

 111. iv. 193. C. ffookeriana, Dewey, 1. c. xxix. 248 ; Boott in Hook. 1. c., t. 212, 



Near the coast, from about San Francisco Bay (Bigelow, Bolander) to Mendocino County (Fort 

 Bragg, Bolander, n. 4765) ; also in the Rocky Mountains from British America to New Mexico, 

 Utah and Northern Nevada. The typical form is found in the northern Atlantic States, as well 

 as in the Rocky Mountains, Northern Nevada and Oregon, and is also European. 



14. C. glomerata, Thunb. Eootstock creeping : stem 10 to 30 inches high, 

 firm, slightly scabrous above : leaves 1 to 2| lines broad, shorter than the stem : 

 bracts setaceous, exceeding the spikelets, the lowest sometimes exceeding the stem : 

 spike ferruginous, 6 to 20 lines long and 3 to 8 thick, ovate, oblong, or cylindrical, 

 of numerous small roundish crowded spikelets or clusters of spikelets, the lower 

 often distinct ; scales ovate, acute, cuspidate : perigynium divergent, membranous, 

 ovate, rostrate and bidentate, plano-convex, nerved, serrate above on the somewhat 

 winged margins, longer and broader than the scale : nutlet suborbicular, lenticular, 

 narrowed toward the base: style bulbous at base. Boott, 111. ii. 81, t. 222. C. 

 Brongniartii, Kunth; Gay, Fl. Chil. vi. 208, t. 73, fig. 10; Boott, 111. iv. 124, 

 t. 401 - 403. 



From about San Francisco Bay (Bigelow, Bolander) to Mendocino City (Bolander) and at Maii- 

 posa ( Thurber] ; also in Mexico, Chili, and at the Cape of Good Hope. 



15. C. paniculata, Linn. Densely cespitose : stem 3 to 5 feet high, sharply 

 angled with flat sides, very scabrous : leaves 3 or 4 lines broad, flat, serrate-scabrous 



