Carex. CYPERACE^E. 233 







on the margins, the upper often exceeding the stem : bracts cuspidate or setaceous : 

 spike pale or ferruginous, nearly linear, simple with oblong sessile spikelets, or com- 

 pound and branching, 4| inches long and an inch broad, the branches 1 to 1| inches 

 long, or elongated to a foot in length with branches 3 inches long ; scales mem- 

 branous, ferruginous with broad hyaline margins, ovate, acutish or mucronulate : 

 perigynium ferruginous, shining, coriaceous with spongy base, ovate or deltoid, 

 attenuate to an obliquely cut bidentate beak with herbaceous serrate wings and 

 hyaline orifice, plano-convex, faintly many-nerved on both sides, longer than the 

 scale : nutlet ovate, produced at base, biconvex, punctate : style bulbous at base. 

 Fl. Dan. t. 1116; Eeichenb. 1. c., t. 223. 



In salt marshes near San Francisco (Bolander, n. 1568 in part), a variety with contracted 

 spikes. The species belongs to Europe and western Asia. 



C. STIPATA, Muhl., native from Arctic America to Florida and in the Rocky Mountains to 

 Colorado and Oregon, is likely to be found in California. Stem 1 to 3 feet high, very sharply 

 angled and scabrous inner face of the sheaths commonly transversely corrugate : spike oblong or 

 lanceolate, of many aggregated spikelets, the lower compound : perigynium stipitate, lanceolate, 

 tapering from a spongy truncate base to a long slender bidentate sharply margined serrate beak, 

 diverging, many-nerved, much longer than the lanceolate acute or cuspidate scale : nutlet chestnut- 

 colored, ovate, produced at base : style enlarged at base. 



-t H Spikelets male at bottom. 



16. C. lagopina, Wahl. Cespitose, with short stolons : stem 4 to 12 inches 

 high, often obtusely angled, scabrous only at the summit : leaves flat, \ to 1 line 

 broad, nearly equalling the stem : bracts scale-like, clasping, cuspidate, the lowest 

 rarely exceeding its spikelet : spike reddish ferruginous, ellipsoidal or oblong, 6 to 

 12 lines long and 3 to 6 thick, of from 3 to 6 (usually 3) crowded or contiguous 

 ellipsoidal or subglobose spikelets, the terminal one largest, the lower sometimes 

 wholly female, and the lowest subremote ; scales fuscous with broad hyaline margins 

 and green midnerve, ovate, obtuse : perigynium coriaceous, oval or elliptical, with 

 acute base and slender beak, or roundish obovate and abruptly rostellate, with entire 

 hyaline orifice, not winged, fissured on the outer side, smooth or serrate on the upper 

 margins, plano-convex, many-nerved, longer than the scale : nutlet orbicular or ovate, 

 plano-convex, punctate. Eeichenb. 1. c., t. 204. 



In the Sierra Nevada, at a small lake near Ebbett's Pass (Brewer, n. 2063) ; Uinta Mountains 

 ( Watson) ; Arctic America and Greenland, and in the Rocky Mountains of British America ; also 

 in Europe. 



17. C. phyllomanica. Stem 6 to 18 inches high, smooth : leaves rigid, a line 

 or two broad, attenuate to a subulate triangular summit, much exceeding the stem : 

 lowest bract filiform, often far exceeding the stem, the others scale-like and shorter 

 than their spikelets ; auricles minute, connate, chestnut-colored : spike chestnut- 

 colored, oblong, f of an inch long, of from 3 to 6 spikelets, contiguous or the upper 

 ones crowded, the uppermost the largest (3 or 4 lines long) and linear-club-shaped, 

 the others ellipsoidal ; scales broadly ovate or roundish, obtuse, chestnut-colored 

 with green midnerve and hyaline margins : perigynium (immature) lance-ovate, ob- 

 tuse at base, gradually tapering to an obliquely cut nearly entire beak, the orifice 

 and long fissure on the outer side reddish brown, serrate above on the acute wing- 

 less margins, not nerved, a little longer than the scales : nutlet orbicular. 



In sphagnous swamps near Mendocino City, Bolande.r, n. 4746. Differing from C. layopina, 

 Wahl., in the much longer, leaves and bracts, and in the more roughly serrate and sharper mar- 

 gins of the perigynium, the orifice of which is not hyaline. The lateral spikelets are always 

 androgynous and not, as in C. lagopina, often entirely female. 



18. C. Bonplandii, Kunth, var. angustifolia, Boott. Stem filiform, about a 

 foot high, scabrous : leaves \ to 1 line broad, grass-like, shorter than the stem : 

 bracts scale-like, clasping, the lowest rarely setaceously pointed, shorter than the 

 stem : spike dark brown, ellipsoidal or ovate, 3 or 4 lines long and 2 or 3 broad, of 

 from 3 to 6 ovoid or roundish crowded spikelets ; scales membranous, broadly oval. 



