244 CYPERACE^E. Carex. 



sheaths, very long, the lowest sometimes 2 J feet ; auricles purple, entire, truncate : 

 spikes 4 to 6, of a yellowish ferruginous color, cylindrical, the male 1 or 2, com- 

 monly peduncled, the uppermost 1 to 3^ inches long and 2 or 3 lines thick, some- 

 times with a few female flowers above the middle or at the base, the rest female (the 

 upper ones or all male at top), 2 to 3| inches long and 2 to 4J lines thick, remote, 

 densely flowered, the upper sessile, the lower nodding on long peduncles (2 inches 

 long or less) and loosely flowered at base ; scales purple or ferruginous, pale in the 

 middle, lanceolate or oblong, ciliate, acute or with a rough awn, rarely obtuse : 

 perigynium oval, ovate, round, or obovate, abruptly or gradually beaked with 

 the orifice varying from nearly entire to bidentate with serrate teeth, coriaceous, 

 sparingly toothed on the upper margins, more or less distinctly nerved, com- 

 pressed-lenticular, punctate, broader than the scale : nutlet ovate, dark olive. 111. 

 iv. 174, t. 594. 



In the Coast Ranges and near the sea, from Santa Barbara (Nuttalt) to Oregon. 



51. C. Prescottiana, Boott. Stem 2 or 3 feet high, smooth, leafy at base : 

 leaves 4 lines broad, about equalling the stem : bracts without sheaths, the lower 

 foliaceous and much exceeding the stem : spikes 6 to 10, cylindrical, sessile, the 

 male 1 or 2, 1 to 2^ inches long and a line thick, the rest female, 2| to 4 inches 

 long and 1 1 to 2 J lines thick, contiguous, erect or drooping, the upper male at top : 

 scales purple, pale in the middle, ovate or obovate, obtuse or emarginate, roughly 

 cuspidate : perigynium broadly ovate (when young obovate), rostellate with an 

 emarginate beak, divergent, nerved, longer and broader than the scale : nutlet 

 chestnut-colored, obovate, lenticular, much shorter than the perigynium. 111. i. 45. 

 t. 115. C. fiarbarce, Dewey, Am. Journ. Sci. 2 ser. xxxi. 24. 



Banks of streams at Santa Barbara (Parry) ; also in the island of Hawaii. 



C. SCHOTTII, Dewey, 1. c. 25, an imperfectly defined species from Santa Barbara (Parry), 

 would appear to belong here. The spikes are cylindrical, very slender, the male 3 to 5, and 3 

 inches long, the female 3 or 4 and 4 to 8 inches long, loosely flowered, unequally peduncled : 

 bracts foliaceous, with long sheaths ; leaves and bracts glaucous : scales dark red, oblong, obovate, 

 scarcely acute : fruit abortive. 



C. WATSONI, Olney, Bot. King Exp. 370, is founded upon specimens too young for satisfactory 

 description. The stem is 18 inches high, shorter than the upper leaves : spikelets 7, the male 4, 

 the uppermost largest and the rest short, all aggregated ; scales claret-colored, lanceolate, hispid, 

 aristate, ciliate at the apex, the male 3-nerved : perigynium deeply cleft, the bifid beak spreading 

 and slightly hairy. Collected at the base of the Washoe Mountains, near Carson City, Nevada, 

 Watson. 



* * Stigmas 3. 



+- Perigynium beakless or short-beaked, the orifice entire or emarginate. 

 H- Perigynium smooth. 



52. C. livida, Willd. Stoloniferous, glaucous: stem 4 to 17 inches high, ob- 

 tusely angled : leaves rigid, 1 to 1J lines broad, shorter than the stem : bracts clasp- 

 ing or sheathed, the lowest equalling or slightly exceeding the stem ; sheaths 2 to 4 

 lines long : spikes 2 to 4, oblong, erect, the uppermost male, 5 to 1 2 lines long and 

 ^ to 1 line thick, mostly peduncled, the female 1 or 2 (rarely none), 10- 15-flow- 

 ered, 4 to 8 lines long and 2 to 2| thick, approximate, sessile or short-peduncled, 

 with rarely another borne on a long radical peduncle ; scales more or less purple 

 with green midnerve and hyaline margins, ovate, obtuse, or the female sometimes 

 cuspidate : perigynium ovoid, with a straight obtuse entire point, obtusely 3-angled, 

 nerved, granular, rather exceeding the scale : nutlet ellipsoidal, 3-angled, pro- 

 duced at base, chestnut-colored, two-thirds as long as the perigynium : base of the 

 style enlarged. Schkuhr, Car. fig. 211 ; Boott, 111. ii. 78, t. 214, 215. C. Gray- 

 ana, Dewey, 1. c. xxv. 141, t. S, fig. 59. 



In sphagnous swamps near Mendocino City, Bolander, n. 4745. From Sitka and subarctic 

 America to the northeru Atlantic States ; also in northern Europe. 



