246 CYPERACE^E. Carex. 



inches long, the female 2 or 3, oblong or the lowest clavate, ^ to 1 inch long, the 

 uppermost contiguous to the male spikelet, the others ^ to 1 inch distant, sessile ; 

 scales reddish chestnut, clasping at base, ovate or lanceolate, acute, the female 

 rough-awned : perigynium (young) olive-colored, elliptical, acute at base, tapering to 

 a slightly scabrous bidentate beak with spreading hispid teeth, smooth, granular, 

 obscurely nerved, longer than the scale. 



From California ; in herb. Olney, but locality and collector not stated. 



*+ -H- Perigynium pubescent. 



57. C. Richardsoni, R Br. Stoloniferous : stem 6 to 12 inches high, obtusely 

 angled, scabrous : leaves rigid, ^ to 1 line broad, shorter than the stem : bracts 

 sheathing, with a very short subulate scarious-margined free apex ; sheaths purple, 

 1 to 4 lines long : spikes 2 to 4, purple and green, oblong-cylindrical or clavate, 

 contiguous or subremote, the uppermost male and peduncled, 4 to 12 lines long 

 and 1 or 2 thick, the female 4 to 9 lines long and 2 thick, on enclosed or slightly 

 exserted peduncles, sometimes compound ; scales membranous, purple, pale in the 

 middle and with broad hyaline margins, ciliate at top, the male oblong and obtuse, 

 the female ovate or lanceolate, clasping : perigynium pale green, obovoid, unequally 

 3-angled, attenuate at base, abruptly rostellate with an entire hyaline orifice, mem- 

 branous, pubescent, nerveless, shorter and narrower than the scale : nutlet con- 

 formed to the perigynium : style enlarged at base. Boott, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 

 t. 223, and 111. ii. 100, t. 298. 



In the Red Mountains, Mendocino County (Bolander, n. 6478) ; eastward from Arctic America 

 to Illinois and New York. 



C. PENNSYLVANIA, Lam., with a range from Arctic America to the Southern States and also 

 found on the Rocky Mountains, is very likely to occur in California. Stem 6 to 12 inches high : 

 lower sheaths fibrous-reticulate : bracts without sheaths, scale-like, the lowest rarely subulate and 

 equalling the stem : spikes 2 to 4, green and purple, the male sometimes female at top, the upper 

 female contiguous, the lowest sometimes subradical and long- peduncled : perigynium globose, 

 abruptly conically beaked, with an obliquely cut entire or bideutate orifice, produced at base, 

 nerveless, about equalling the ovate acute or cuspidate purple scale : nutlet globose, tapering to 

 the base : style enlarged at base. 



C. Rossri, Boott, of Oregon, may reach California. Stem capillary, 6 to 9 inches high, sca- 

 brous : lower bracts sheathed, shorter than the peduncles : spikes 4 or 5, pale, the female with 3 

 to 6 alternate flowers, the upper close to the male, the lower remote, unequally long-pwluncled : 

 perigynium ellipsoidal, long-beaked, bifid, stipitate, nerveless, about equal to the lanceolate acute 

 or cuspidate scale : nutlet subtriangular-globose. Referred to C. Pennsylvanica by Boeckeler. 



, 58. C. globosa, Boott. Stoloniferous : stem 4 to 1 6 inches high, very slender, 

 scabrous, clothed at base with reddish purple sheaths that break up into thread- 

 like fibres : leaves firm, 1 or 2 lines broad, the lower longer than the stem : lower 

 bracts short-sheathed, longer than their spikelets : spikes 4 to 6, the male cylindrical, 

 | to 1 inch long and a line thick, the female oblong, loosely 2 - 9-flowered, 3 to 6 

 lines long and 2 thick, the upper sessile, close to the male and staminate at top, the 

 others remote and pedunculate, the lowest on a rough capillary subradical peduncle 

 a foot long or less ; scales 1- and 3-nerved, oblong or lanceolate, acute or cuspidate, 

 purple with green midnerve and hyaline margins : perigynium more or less purple, 

 globose, produced at base, abruptly beaked with a bidentate hyaline-margined orifice, 

 coriaceous, nerved, hirsute-scabrous, broader than the scale : nutlet chestnut-colored, 

 oblong or globose, obtusely 3-angled, slightly produced at base. Trans. Linn. Soc. 

 xx. 125, and 111. iv. 188. 



In the Coast Ranges (Santa Barbara, Brewer, to Oakland among redwoods, Bolander), and in 

 the Sierra Nevada, from the Yosemite Valley northward. 



59. C. brevipes. Cespitose and rootstock creeping : stem 6 inches high, ob- 

 tusely angled, slightly scabrous, several-leaved at base, the reddish purple sheaths 

 breaking up into separate fibres : cauline leaves 1 or 2 lines broad, tapering to a 

 sharp triangular scabrous summit, shorter than the stem : bracts without sheaths, 



