Carex. CYPERACE.fi. 251 



at base, the beak purple, very rough with long hairs, shorter or a little longer than 

 the scale : nutlet oval. C. cematorhyncha, Desv. ; Gay, Fl. Chil. vi. 224, t. 73, 

 fig. 22 ; Boott, 111. i. 67, t. 183, fig. 1. 



In the Sierra Nevada, Yosemite Valley and Mariposa Grove (Brewer, Bolandcr) ; abundant in 

 Mono Valley (Brewer, n. 1814), and also collected in alkaline soil in Tulare plain, Breicer, n. 

 1592. Both the typical form (which is also European) and the variety latifolia are frequent from 

 Arctic America to the northern Atlantic States, the variety on the west ranging southward to 

 New Mexico, Utah, Nevada and California. Var. cematorhyncha has been collected in the Mari- 

 posa Grove, and in the Jordan Valley, Utah, and is also Chilian. 



73. C. gynodynama, Olney. Cespitose : stems 10 to 18 inches high, leafy and 

 with long sheaths : leaves Hat, ciliate, much shorter than the stem : bracts involute, 

 ciliate, the lowest nearly equalling or shorter than the stem : spikes 4 or 5, erect, 

 cylindrical, ferruginous, the terminal one male, female at the top or often in the 

 middle or at base, the rest female, the upper far overtopping the male, the lowest 

 remote, long-sheathed, peduncled ; scales ovate, membranous, ciliate, mucronate or 

 acute, chestnut-colored, pale in the middle : perigynium elliptical, olive-colored, 

 the purple summit covered with long white hairs, glabrous at base, the beak bifid, 

 slightly nerved at base, broader and shorter than the scale : nutlet obovate, olive- 

 colored. Proc. Arner. Acad. vii. 394. 



In swamps near Mendocino City, Bolander, n. 4700. 



4- +- -i- Perigynium large and inflated, the elongated beak mostly deeply bicus- 



pidate. 



74. C. trichocarpa, Muhl., var. imberbis, Carey. Stem 2 or 3 feet high, 

 smooth : leaves 1 to 3 lines broad, the lower sheaths fibrous-reticulate : bracts of the 

 female spikes foliaceous, exceeding the stem, all or only the lower with sheaths 2 

 to 8 or rarely 16 lines long : spikes 5 to 12, cylindrical, erect, alternate or the upper 

 ones crowded, the male 3 to 9, ferruginous, linear, 4 to 18 lines long and 1 or 1| 

 thick, the lowest 1 or 2 bracteate ; female spikes 2 to 4, 1 to 2| inches long and 

 4 to 6 lines thick, approximate or remote, densely or loosely flowered and attenuate 

 at base, the upper rarely male at top, the lower on peduncles | to 2 inches long ; 

 scales purple with green midnerves and broad hyaline margins, ovate or lanceolate, 

 acute or hispidly cuspidate : perigynium smooth, ovoid or lanceolate, tapering to a 

 long deeply bicuspidate beak with the scabrous lanceolate lobes membranous on the 

 margins, strongly nerved, longer than the scale : nutlet triangular- ovoid, olive- 

 colored. Gray's Manual, 597; Boott, 111. i. 58, t. 152, the typical form, with 

 pubescent perigynium and very scabrous stem. 



In swamps at Cahto, Long Valley, Mendociuo County, Bolander, n. 4689. In the Atlantic 

 States from Canada to Georgia, and westward from the Saskatchewan to Colorado and Utah. 



75. C. monile, Tuckerman. Stem rather slender, 1 to 2 feet high, sharply 

 angled, scabrous : leaves 1 or 2 lines broad, flat, shorter than the stem, the lower 

 sheaths sparingly fibrous- reticulate : bracts longer than the stem, the lowest rarely 

 with sheaths 2 to 4 lines long : spikes 3 to 6, elongated, cylindrical, the male 2 to 4 

 (usually 3), 1 to 2| inches -long and 1 or 1^ lines thick, sometimes female at top, 

 the lowest setaceously bracted ; female spikes 2, rarely 1 or 3, terete, 1 \ to 2^ inches 

 long and 8 lines thick, remote, the upper rarely male at top, the lowest sometimes 

 attenuate and loosely flowered at base and nodding upon a peduncle 1| inches long 

 or less ; scales purple, pale in the middle with hyaline margins, ovate or lanceolate, 

 acuminate, 1 - 3-nerved : perigynium inflated, globular-ovoid, abruptly contracted to 

 a cylindrical bidentate beak, glabrous, or the beak and lobes serrate, 8- 10-nerved, 

 shining, longer or shorter and broader than the scale : nutlet chestnut-colored, tri- 

 angular-obovoid. Boott, 111. i. 28, t. 72. C. Vaseyi, Dewey, Am. Journ. Sci. 

 2 ser. xxix. 347, a form with the teeth of the beak serrate. 



Ostrander's Meadow, Bolandcr, n. 6211. From subarctic British America to the northern 

 Atlantic States. A variety of C. vesicaria according to Boeckeler. 



