Aspidium. FILICES. 347 



Var. imbricans, Eaton, 1. c. Frond not large, broadest at the base ; pinnae 

 crowded, lanceolate-oblong, pale, ascending and imbricated ; stalk scaly at the base 

 only, the rhachis and frond naked : sori submarginal. 



Var. inciso-serratum, Eaton, 1. c. Frond ample ; pinnae lanceolate-acuminate 

 from a conspicuously auricled base, incised with serrated teeth ; veins branched into 

 live or six veinlets : sori scattered. 



Common throughout the State ; the finest specimens from near the coast in the northern coun- 

 ties. Var. nudatum was found in Yosemite Valley by Professor Wood. Var. imbricans in Mendo- 

 cino and Plumas Counties, etc., and a form connecting it with the first variety was collected in 

 the Trinity Mountains and on the Yuba River. Var. inciso-serratum has been sent only from 

 British Columbia. The fern nearest to this one is A. falcinellum, Swartz, from Madeira. 



5. A. aculeatum, Swartz. Rootstock stout, chaffy : stalks of variable length, 

 chaffy like the rhachis with large and small scales intermixed : fronds 1 to 2 feet 

 long, forming a crown, firmly membranaceous, more or less fibrillose-chaffy beneath, 

 evergreen, oblong-lanceolate, normally bipinnate, but often pinnate with deeply pin- 

 natisect pinnae ; pinnae closely placed, lanceolate from a broad base, often curved 

 upwards ; segments varying from rhomboid-oval and confluent on the secondary 

 rhachis to triangular-ovate, distinct and auricled on the upper side of the base, entire 

 or serrate or incised, the lobes and teeth aculeate : sori in two rows on the segments, 

 nearer the midvein than the margin. Syn. Fil. 53; Hooker, Syn. Fil. iv. 18; 

 Eaton, Ferns of N. Amer. ii. 123, t. 62. 



Var. Californicum, Eaton, 1. c. Frond elongated ; pinnae lance-linear, slightly 

 incised above the middle, more and more deeply cut towards the rhachis ; segments 

 rhomboid-ovate, serrate, the lowest superior one largest, but not a distinct pinnule. 

 Aspidinm Californicum, Eaton in Proc. Am. Acad. vi. 555. 



Var. lobatum, Kunze. Smaller : frond lanceolate ; pinnae lanceolate from a 

 broad base, pinnatitid into mostly distinct but sessile pinnules, a few of the lowest 

 often somewhat auricled on the upper side of the base. Aspidium aculeatum, var. 

 lobatum and var. intermedium, Hooker, Brit. Ferns, t. 10, 11. 



Var. angulare, Braun. Frond oblong-lanceolate, truly bipinnate ; pinnules dis- 

 tinct, short-stalked, mostly auricled and slightly incised, the upper basal one often 

 largest and pinnatitid. Hooker, Brit. Ferns, t. 12. Aspidium angulare, Will- 

 denow. 



Var. scopulinum, Eaton. Frond short-stalked, narrowly lanceolate, less than 

 a foot long, subcoriaceous, pinnate ; pinnae less than an inch long, ovate, rather 

 obtuse, the lower part pinnately lobed, the upper part serrate with barely aculeate 

 teeth : sori remote from the margin. Ferns of N. Amer. ii. 125. 



Mountainous districts in Santa Cruz and Mendocino Counties, the last variety in the Sierra 

 Nevada and in Idaho. The first and the last varieties are confined to the regions named, but the 

 second and third are common in Europe. Still another form (var. Braunii) is found from Lake 

 Superior to northern New England and New Brunswick, and in continental Europe. The species 

 in one or another of its many forms occurs in nearly all parts of the world. 



* * Pinnce or segments crenated or serrate with pointless teeth. Small ferns. 



6. A. mohvioides, Bory. Rootstock short, chaffy : fronds clustered, borne on 

 short chatty stalks, subcoriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, 4 to 12 inches long, narrowed 

 slightly from the middle to the base, pinnate; pinnae numerous, 6 to 18 lines long, 

 usually imbricated, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, pinnately lobed with crenately 

 toothed segments, or in the largest fronds pinnate with ovate-trapezoid crenated ob- 

 tuse pinnules : sori on the upper pinnae ; indusia very large and often imbricated. 

 Bot. Voy. Coquille, 267, t. 55, fig. 1 ; Eaton, Ferns of N. Amer. ii. 251, t. 80. 



On the southern slopes of Mt. Eddy, at the headwaters of the South Fork of the Sacramento 

 River, Leminon. First known from the Falkland Islands, then from Patagonia and the mountains 

 of Chili, then from the Prince Edward Islands, and now from a station six thousand miles dis- 

 tant from the nearest of the others. A plant of very condensed habit, but in its largest forms 

 showing considerable resemblance to the last variety of the preceding. 



