ncrtmum. MUSCI. 363 



W. CRisruLA, Hedw., ranges from the arctic regions to the mountains of Washington Territory, 

 Utah and Colorado, and may be expected on the high mountains of California. Slender, an inch 

 high or more, with lanceolate long-acuminate leaves, flexuose-spreading or falcate-secund and 

 much crisped when dry : capsule on a tall twisted pedicel, with obliquely beaked operculum, no 

 annnlus, and occasionally bitid teeth, the tips incurved when dry. Bruch & Schimp. 1. c., t. 26. 

 Dicranowcissia crtspula, Schimp. 



9. DICBANTJM, Hedw. 



Dichotornously branched perennials, often large, on the ground, rocks, or rarely 

 trees. Leaves spreading or falcate-secund, long-lanceolate or lance-subulate, costate ; 

 areolation quadrate or linear-oblong, hyaline at base, and often enlarged and yellow- 

 ish at the basal angles ; perichsetial leaves sheathing. Inflorescence dioecious or 

 monoecious, terminal and bud-like. Calyptra cucullate. Capsule long-pedicellate, 

 nodding or rarely erect, symmetrical or incurved ; operculum large, long-beaked. 

 Peristome of 16 linear-lanceolate purple or deep orange teeth, unequally cleft to or 

 below the middle, the longer and shorter segments so alternating as to be in pairs. 



There are 60 or more European species, half of which reappear in North America. The genus is 

 resolved by some authors into a tribe of half a dozen or more. 



* Leaves dull, papillose above, crenulate-serrate at the apex, the minutely quad- 

 rate areolation not enlarged at the basal angles : calyptra inflated-cucullate : 

 capsule strumous, with oblique operculum: monoecious. CYNODONTIUM. 

 ( Cynodontium, Schimp. ) 



1. D. virens, Hedw. Stems often tall (3 inches high or less): leaves lanceolate- 

 subulate, half-sheathing at base, spreading, Hexuose, smooth, entire or serrate : 

 capsule nodding, more or less incurved, brownish, not striate when dry ; annulus 

 narrow, persistent. Muse. Frond, iii. 77, t. 32 ; Engl. Bot. t. 1462 ; Bruch & Schimp. 

 Bryol. Eur. t. 48; Wilson, Bryol. Brit. t. 17. 



Var. serratum, Bruch & Schimp. Leaves coarsely toothed : capsule less strumous. 



On the banks of cold streams in Tuolumne Canon and Mono Pass, at 9,000 feet altitude 

 ( Bolander) ; Galton Mountains, Washington Territory, Lyall ; the variety. A form ( var. Wahlen- 

 bcrgii) with narrower more flexuose and strongly crisped leaves, the lower becoming dark -colored, 

 and with the more incurved capsule prominently strumous, occurs eastward. The typical form 

 is European, as well as the varieties. 



D. POLYCAKPUM, Ehrh., a more slender species, with linear-lanceolate leaves papillose on both 

 sides and denticulate at base and apex, and with the erect or gibbously inclined capsule striate 

 when dry, was found by Lyall in the Cascade Mountains. It is common throughout Europe, and 

 occurs eastward. Engl. Bot. t. 2269 ; Bruch & Schimp. 1. c., t. 47 ; Wilson, 1. c., t. 18. 



* * Small : leaves smooth, more or less serrate above, pale, with oblong-hexagonal 

 areolation uniform at base : calyptra not inflated : capsule seldom strumous, 

 mostly nodding: dioecious. DICRANELLA. (Dicranella, Schimp.) 



-i- Leaves secund or somewhat so. 



2. D. varium, Hedw. Stems densely clustered, 4 or 5 lines high : leaves 

 mostly spreading, lance-subulate and attenuate with slightly excurrent costa, entire 

 or obsoletely toothed at the apex : capsule nodding, ovate or oblong, somewhat 

 incurved, without annulus, red ; operculum large, shortly beaked : teeth large, deep 

 purple, conniveut into a convex cone. Muse. Frond, ii. 93, t. 34 ; Bruch & 

 Schimp. 1. c., t. 57, 58; Wilson, 1. c., t. 17. 



On perpendicular sandstone rocks, watered by springs, near the Bay of San Francisco, Bolander. 

 A very common and variable species in the Atlantic States, usually on moist clay banks ; also in 

 Europe. 



3. D. subulatum, Hedw. Stems loosely cespitose, 5 to 10 lines high : leaves 

 secund, somewhat falcate, long-subulate with a slender excurrent costa, entire, 

 shining, very narrowly areolate ; capsule nodding upon a red pedicel, gibbous, 



