Trichostomum. MUSCI. 367 



13. TRICHOSTOMUM, Smith. 



Densely cespitose perennials, on the ground or rocks, fastigiately branched. 

 Leaves in several ranks, larger and more crowded above, dull and papillose, costate, 

 linear or lanceolate and mostly acuminate ; areolation minute and hexagonal-quadrate 

 above, looser and hyaline at base. Inflorescence dio3cious or monoecious, terminal 

 and bud-like. Calyptra cucullate, smooth. Capsule erect (in our species), long- 

 pedicelled ; operculum rostrate. Peristome single, of 16 teeth upon a narrow basal 

 membrane, often imperfectly developed, equally 2-cleft to the base, but the filiform 

 divisions rarely wholly free, erect when dry or sometimes more or less twisted to the 

 right. 



A genus variously limited ; according to Schirnper's definition embracing 17 European species, 

 of which only the following are known to occur in North America. 



1. T. tophaceum, Bridel. Stein erect and fastigiately branched, J to 1 inch 

 high : leaves spreading, deep green, soft, the upper gradually enlarged, linear-lance- 

 olate from an ovate base, obtuse or sometimes acute, minutely verrucose, the mar- 

 gins revolute, and costa ceasing below the apex : inflorescence dioecious : capsule 

 upon a rather short reddish pedicel, ovate to oblong, reddish brown ; operculum 

 obliquely beaked ; annulus none : teeth very variable, unequal and sometimes 

 imperfect, the divisions somewhat coherent, pale or reddish. Bruch & Schimp. 

 Bryol. Eur. t. 175; Wilson, Bryol. Brit. t. 20; Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Am.-Bor. 

 Exsicc. 2 ed. n. 151. 



In Cajon Pass (Bigclow) ; at Fort Point, and on wet limestone rocks near Ukiah City (Bolander) ; 

 European. 



2. T. crispulum, Bruch. Densely cespitose, slender : leaves much larger 

 above, linear, twisted and involute when dry, very minutely papillose, mucronate 

 with the shortly excurrent costa : flowers dioecious : capsule ovate or elliptic, irregu- 

 larly sulcate when dry ; annulus simple ; operculum long-beaked : teeth unequally 

 divided. Regensb. Flora, xii, t. 4; Bruch & Schimp. 1. c., t. 173. 



Guadalupe Island (Palmer); Europe. 



3. T. anomalum, Schimp. Stems loosely tufted, to 2 inches high : leaves 

 tufted and much larger above, linear, serrate at the apex, firm, somewhat twisted 

 and incurved when dry : inflorescence monoecious, the male flowers solitary or clus- 

 tered on short branchlets, with 6 to 9 perigonial leaves : capsule on a long flexuous 

 reddish pedicel, long-cylindric : peristome upon a narrow rusty basal membrane, 

 the long red-purple teeth twisted 2 or 3 times to the right. Barbula anomala, 

 Bruch & Schimp. 1. c., t. 169. T. corniculatum, Schwaegr. Suppl. ii. 75, t. 118; 

 Sulliv. in Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 185. 



Collected near San Francisco (Bigclow), and in Oakland Canon (Bolander) ; also by Coulter, 

 but locality uncertain, and on Vancouver Island by Lyall. 



4. T. flexipes, Bruch & Schimp. Stems 2 or 3 lines high, branching : leaves 

 much larger above, linear, acuminate, serrate at the apex, with a white shining 

 costa : inflorescence dioecious : capsule upon a straight or strongly flexuous pedicel, 

 narrowly oblong, with a broad annulus : teeth of the peristome strict. Bryol. 

 Eur. t. 171. T. crassinerve, Hampe, Linnaea, xxx. 456. 



Common on shaded ground and decaying trunks, from San Francisco to Mendocino County, 

 Bigelow, Bauer, Bolander. Also European. 



T. COLORADEXSE, Austin, Coult. Bot. Gazette, ii. 90, is based upon specimens from Yosemite 

 Valley without fruit, and the genus therefore undeterminable. The specific name is moreover a 

 misnomer, as the plant is not known from Colorado. It is described as 2 or 3 lines high, with 

 long-linear convolute leaves, with flat margins and incurved above, and a short remarkably slen- 

 der costa. 



