376 MUSCI. Zygodon. 



smooth, at length plicate, light brown, upon a slender pedicel 3 to 6 lines long ; 

 operculum long-conic. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. xiii. 8, and Mem. Calif. Acad. 

 i. 15 ; Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Am.-Bor. Exsicc. 2 ed. n. 226 ; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. 

 Suppl. 41, t. 27. Hedwigia pilifera, Mitten, Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 45, t. 7. 

 On Monte Diablo (Bala'tider) ; Vancouver Island, Lyall. 



20. ZYGODON, Hook. & Tayl. 



Low tufted or matted perennials, fastigiately branched, on trees or rocks. Leaves 

 soft, dull, in 5 or 8 ranks, squarrose-spreading, linear- to oblong-lanceolate, carinate, 

 with flat margins, and costate usually to the apex, the areolation minutely quadrate 

 above, loose and more rectangular at the hyaline base. Flowers monoscious or 

 dioacious, bud-like, terminal or the male axillary. Calyptra cucullate, smooth. 

 Capsule erect, immersed or exserted, ovate-oblong, 8-striate, with rather long obcoiiic 

 collum, minute obliquely rostrate operculum, and no annulus. Peristome none (in 

 our species), or present and as in Orthotrichum. 



About 60 species are known, widely distributed, but most abundant in the mountains of South 

 America. Closely allied to Orthotrichum. Schimper separates the group to which the following 

 species belong, forming a genus Amphoridittm, simply on the urceolate shape of the dry capsule. 



1. Z. Lapponicus, Bruch & Schimp. Stems \ to 1 inch high, fragile, 

 tomentose with rhizoids : leaves linear-lanceolate, costate nearly to the apex, crisped 

 and twisted when dry, yellowish green becoming brown and black ; perichaetial 

 leaves ovate-lanceolate, sheathing : flowers monoecious, the male often clustered : 

 capsule scarcely exserted, ovate, constricted below the broad orifice when dry : 

 calyptra brownish, covering the short-beaked operculum. Bryol. Eur. t. 206 ; 

 Wilson, Bryol. Brit. t. 6 ; Sulliv. in Gray's Man. 2 ed. t. 2 ; Berkeley, Brit. Moss. 

 t. 20, fig. 3 ; Gymnostomum Lapponicum, Hedw. Muse. Erond. iii. 10, t. 5. 



Yosemite Valley, in spray of the Nevada Fall (Bolander) ; Cascade Mountains (Lyall) ; also 

 in the Alleghanies, and in the alpine regions of Europe. 



2. Z. Californicus, Hampe. A similar species, loosely matted, dull green : 

 leaves very much crisped, loosely spreading and flexuose when wet, with the costa 

 excurrent and margins narrowly revolute below and remotely denticulate above ; 

 perichsetial leaves not sheathing, much narrower and acuter, with slightly revolute 

 margins : capsule shortly exserted on a very slender purplish pedicel. Muell. in 

 Bot. Zeit. xx. 361 ; Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Am.-Bor. Exsicc. 2 ed. n. 172; Sulliv. 

 Icon. Muse. Suppl. 47, t. 32. 



In San Jose Valley, J. Baiter. 



21. TETEAPHIS, Hedw. 



Densely cespitose perennials, on rocks or decaying wood, erect, innovating at 

 base and summit. Leaves mostly 3-ranked, the upper much the larger, crowded, 

 smooth, broadly ovate-lanceolate, entire, costate to below the apex ; areolation rounded 

 hexagonal, looser and linear-rectangular at base. Inflorescence monoecious, terminal, 

 bud-like. Calyptra mitriform, naked, irregularly sulcate, with firm rough apex and 

 thin lobed base, covering the capsule to the middle. Capsule cylindrical, erect, 

 long- pedicellate, thin, with thin long-conic operculum and no annulus. Peristome 

 of 4 rigid brown broadly lanceolate triquetrous teeth, formed from the 4-cleft 

 internal tissue of the operculum, sulcate on the back. 



A genus of two species, one of Europe and North America, the other of Japan. 



1. T. pellucida, Hedw. Stems J to 1 inch high, light green above, reddish 

 below, with numerous rhizoids at base, often bearing at the summit a cup-shaped 



