382 MUSCI. Pti/chomitrium. 



to the middle of the capsule, incised at base and longitudinally plicate. Capsule 

 erect, long-pedicellate, regular, with aciculate operculum and broad compound 

 annulus. Peristome simple, of 16 long and narrow usually deeply cleft teeth. 

 About a dozen widely scattered species are referred to this genus. 



1. P. G-ardneri, Lesq. Stems branched, tufted : leaves dark green, crowded, 

 twisted or crisped, rettexed when moist, acutely carinate, the margin above sharply 

 serrate ; basal areolation linear : male flowers rarely axillary, usually 2 to 4 within 

 the perichsetium : capsule (frequently 2 or more together) narrowly elliptical, pale 

 brown, smooth, with long persistent reddish operculum : teeth mostly 3-cleft to the 

 base, dark red. Mem. Calif. Acad. i. 16. 



On rocks in Dardanelles Canon, Forest Hill, Bolander. Closely resembling P. polyphyllum, 

 Brucli & Scbimp., of Europe. 



25. ORTHOTRICHUM, Hedw. 



Eoundish-tufted perennials, on trees or rocks, erect or procumbent, never creeping, 

 dichotornously branched, with rootlets at base and at the axils of the branches. 

 Leaves crowded, ovate- to long-lanceolate, strict when dry, costate, entire, margins 

 usually revolute, dull and usually minutely papillose ; areolation at base looser, rec- 

 tangular and hyaline, above punctulate. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, terminal 

 and bud-like. Calyptra large, campanulate, lobed-mitriform, longitudinally plicate, 

 hairy or naked. Capsule immersed or more or less exserted, erect, symmetrical, 

 8- 16-striate, ribbed when dry, more or less elongated, with distinct collum, a 

 mamillate or conic-rostrate operculum, and a very narrow annulus or none. Peri- 

 stome of 1 6 short pale teeth divided by a medial line and usually in pairs, with or 

 without an inner row of 8 or 16 alternate filiform cilia. 



A genus of 70 or more species, about half European, the rest belonging chiefly to the New 

 World. Nearly 30 species are North American, half of which are also European. 



The genus ULOTA, Mohr, often included in Orthotrichum, is distinguished by its flexuous 

 leaves crisped and twisted when dry, usually dilated at base with linear areolation, and the very 

 hairy calyptra witli more numerous folds. No species have been detected in California, but the 

 following are found in Oregon and northward. 



U. PHYLLANTHA, Brid. Densely tufted, 1 or 2 inches high, with long linear leaves, when dry 

 twisted and circinate, the costa produced into the apex and there usually thickened and bearing 

 brown jointed cylindrical gemma? : fruit unknown. Orthot-richiim phyllanthinn, Bruch & Schim p. 

 Bryol. Eur. t. 223 ; Wilson, Bryol. Brit. t. 46. Oregon (Hall) ; Vancouver Island ( Wood) ; 

 Europe, Andes of South America, and antarctic regions. 



TJ. CRISPULA, Bruch. Leaves crowded, linear-lanceolate, crisped when dry : capsule short- 

 pedicelled, pale yellow, clavate-pyriform, narrowly 8-striate : calyptra conic-campanulate : teeth 

 short, reflexed when dry, with 8 or 16 short cilia. Orthotrichum crisjmm, Hedw. Muse. Frond, 

 ii. 96, t. 35 ; Bruch & Schimp. 1. c., t. 228 ; Wilson, 1. c., t. 45. Oregon (Nevius, Hall); Europe. 



* Peristome simple, the inner cilia wanting or only rudimentary. 



1. O. cupulatum, Hoffm. Tufts more or less crowded, an inch high, red- or 

 brownish-green : leaves crowded, spreading or when dry strict, oblong-lanceolate, 

 with reflexed margins : calyptra carapanulate, sparingly hairy : capsule obovate, 

 immersed on a short pedicel, thick, pale brown, 1 6-striate, with a pale yellow convex 

 straight-beaked operculum: peristome of 16 distinct pale yellow teeth, racliately 

 spreading when dry. Bruch & Schimp. 1. c., t. 209 ; Wilson, 1. c., t. 21 ; Berkeley, 

 Brit. Moss. t. 20, fig. 4 ; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Suppl. 61, t. 44 (var. mums). 



On limestone rocks near Russian River (Bolander) ; also from British America to the Atlantic 

 States and New Mexico, in several forms, and in Europe. 



2. O. Sturmii, Hoppe & Hornsch. Usually larger than the last, in broader 

 circular tufts : leaves spreading and recurved, the margins revolute, and the upper 



