Entosthodon. MUSCI. 387 



At Unionville, West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada ( Watson) ; Rocky Mountains of British 

 America (Drummond) ; Europe. 



T. SEP.RATA, Bruch & Schimp. (Bryol. Eur. t. 284, 285), was collected at Fort Colville by 

 Lyall. Fertile steins procumbent : capsule brownish red, on an erect pedicel : teeth dark purple, 

 shining, linear-lanceolate, when dry arcuate-erect or loosely rellexed : columella included. 



28. SPLACHNUM, Linn. 



Soft loosely cespitose annuals (rarely perennial), on the ground or cattle-dung ; 

 rhizoids at base. Leaves remote, spreading, the uppermost crowded, broadly 

 obovate-lanceolate, narrowed at base, entire or serrate, the areolation very loose. 

 Male flowers subdiscoid. Calyptra small, conic, very fugacious. Capsule long- 

 pedicelled, small, short-cylindrical upon a spongy at length much thickened and 

 subglobose, pyriform or umbrella-shaped apophysis, differing from it in color ; 

 operculurn convex; annulus none. Peristome of 16 orange-colored linear teeth, in 

 pairs, appressed-reflexed when dry. Columella persistent. 



A genus of half a dozen species in Europe and North America, and another in Tasmania. 



1. S. luteum, Linn. Annual, dioecious ; stem inch high or less, simple or 

 branched at base : leaves rather large, long-apiculate, entire : capsule on a pedicel 

 an inch long or more, brownish upon a lemon-colored broadly dilated flat-umbrella- 

 shaped apophysis : teeth orange, many-jointed. Amcen. ii. 277, t. 3 ; Hedw. Muse. 

 Frond, ii. 48, t. 17 ; Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 296. S. tnelanocaulon, 

 Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 109. 



Reported by Mitten (Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 22) as collected at various times in western North 

 America and in the Rocky Mountains, and as varying much in the length of the pedicel and size 

 of the apophysis. It is found in Northern Europe and Kamtschatka, and may range to the 

 mountains of California. 



29. PHYSCOMITRIUM, Brid. 



Low clustered or loosely cespitose annuals, on the ground ; stem simple or 

 branched at base. Leaves crowded above, rather broad, acuminate, soft and smooth, 

 of large hyaline cells ; costa thin. Inflorescence monoecious, terminal, the male 

 flowers discoid. Calyptra vesicular, 4-angled, 5-lobed at base, with a long straight 

 beak, half-covering the capsule. Capsule ovate- or globose-pyriform, erect on an 

 exserted pedicel or immersed, regular, with flattish-convex operculum. Peristome 

 wanting. 



About 16 species are known, widely scattered, one-half South American. Four species besides 

 the following are found in the Atlantic States, and a fourth in the Wahsatch Mountains. 



1. P. pyriforme, Bridel. Stems 2 to 5 lines high : leaves more or less spread- 

 ing, spatulate-lanceolate, coarsely serrate above the middle : capsule globose-pyriform, 

 exserted on a pedicel 5 to 8 lines long, at length brownish red, the cells bordering 

 the orifice transversely rectangular, in 12 to 15 rows ; operculum convex-conic ; 

 annulus double. Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 299 ; Wilson, Bryol. Brit. t. 7. 

 Gymnostomum pyriforme, Hedw. ; Engl. Bot. t. 413. 



On wet banks in Dardanelles Canon and in swamps near San Rafael (Bolander) ; very common 

 in the Atlantic States as well as throughout Europe. The largest species of the genus. 



30. ENTOSTHODON, Schwaegr. 



Resembling the preceding genus. Leaves very variable in the same species. 

 Calyptra vesicular-cucullate, long-beaked, shining. Capsule exserted, erect or 

 slightly nodding, regular pyriform, with small plano-convex or rarely umbonate 



