Caiharinea. MUSCI. 401 



-t -i Capsule cernuous, incurved, with oblique operculum and double peristome. 



3. B. ithyphylla, Brid. Tufts more or less compact, bright yellowish green ; 

 stems \ to 2 inches high : leaves erect-spreading or erect when dry, setaceous-subulate 

 from a white shining sheathing base, coarsely serrate, scarcely broader than the 

 costa : flowers bisexual : capsule spherical, when dry oblong, incurved and deeply 

 sulcate ; operculum broadly conic, blunt : reddish brown teeth horizontally closing 

 the orifice when damp, twice longer than the yellow processes. Engl. Bot. t. 1710; 

 Bruch & Schimp. 1. c., t. 317 ; Wilson, Bryol. Brit. t. 23 ; Berkeley, Brit. Moss. t. 16, 

 fig. 1. 



On Mount Dana, abundant (Bolandcr), the alpine form, with short stems and pedicels ; Cas- 

 cade Mountains, Washington Territory (Lyall) ; White Mountains, and throughout northern 

 Europe and northern Asia. 



B. POMIFORMIS, Hedw., growing in large glaucous green tufts 1 to 3 inches high, the long- 

 lanceolate leaves crisped when dry and not sheathing, and monoscious with the male and female 

 flowers contiguous, the teeth connivent into a cone when damp, has been found on the Columbia 

 Eiver (Hall, Nevius), and is common in the Atlantic States as well as in northern Europe and 

 Asia. Engl. Bot. t. 998 (and t. 1526, B. crispa) ; Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 58, 59 ; Bruch & Schimp. 

 1. c., t. 319 ; Wilson, 1. c. ; Berkeley, 1. c. tig. 2. 



* * Branches subverticillate or fascicled: leaves small, lanceolate, pellucid: 

 flowers monoecious or dioscious, the male discoid when dioecious : peristome 

 double. PHILONOTIS, Muell. (Philonotis, Bridel.) 



4. B. fontana, Brid. Stems 1 to 6 inches high or more, in broad yellowish 

 or glaucous green mats ; branches interruptedly verticillate : leaves of two forms, 

 the smaller ovate, obtusely acuminate, appressed, the larger ovate-lanceolate and 

 shortly awned, spreading or secund, bisulcate at base, all serrate and very papillose : 

 flowers dioecious ; inner perigonial leaves obtuse, ecostate : capsule ovate-globose, 

 with purple subulate-tipped teeth, the ciliolre about equalling the processes. Bruch 

 & Schimp. 1. c., t. 324 ; Wilson, 1. c. Bryumfontanum, Swartz ; Engl. Bot. t. 390. 

 Philonotis fontana, Brid. 



At Clear Lake, on wet rocks (Bolander), and apparently common in the Sierra Nevada ; Fort 

 Colville (Lyall) ; in the Rocky Mountains from British America to Colorado and Utah, and fre- 

 quent in the mountains eastward. Found throughout Europe, in India, and Patagonia. 



B. CALCAREA, Bruch & Schimp., is distinguished from the last by longer subfalcate secund 

 leaves with thicker costa, the perigonial leaves longer, all acute and with a slender costa, the 

 teeth of the peristome not subulate-tipped and the ciliolae short. It has been found in the East 

 Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas (Ifatson), in the White Mountains and 

 Alleghanies, and in Europe ; chiefly in limestone districts. Bryol. Eur. t. 325 ; Wilson, 1. c., 

 t. 52. Philonotis calcarea, Schimp. 



39. CATHARTNEA, Ehrh. 



Densely clustered or cespitose perennials, on the ground ; flowering stems erect, 

 simple or branched, from a creeping rhizome. Leaves lanceolate or oblong, undulate, 

 crisped when dry, not sheathing, the narrowly bordered margin acutely serrate, the 

 narrow costa sparingly lamellate on the upper side, areolation very densely round- 

 hexagonal. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, the male cup-shaped and proliferous 

 from the centre. Calyptra cucullate, narrow, naked, spinulose at the apex. Capsule 

 terete, cylindrical or oblong, slightly incurved, erect or cernuous on a long pedicel ; 

 operculum convex, long-beaked ; annulus none. Peristome single, of 32 short rigid 

 ligulate obtuse slightly incurved teeth, confluent at base, and adherent above to a 

 membranous expansion of the summit of the columella closing the orifice of the 

 capsule. Atrichum, Beauv. 



Nine species are described, four European, of which three are North American, one peculiar to 

 North America and three to tropical America, and another at the Cape of Good Hope. 



