404 MUSCI. Buxbaumia. 



43. BTTXBAUMIA, Haller. 



Minute nearly acaulescent annuals or biennials, on the ground or decaying wood. 

 Leaves few, ovate- to linear-oblong, nerveless, coarsely toothed and becoming fringed 

 or lacerate, pale at base and reddish above, the areolation loose, oblong-hexagonal, 

 without chlorophyll. Flowers dioecious, terminal, bud-like; antheridia 1 or 2. 

 Calyptra small, conic-cylindric, obtuse, fugacious. Capsule very large, on a stout 

 fleshy densely verrucose purple pedicel, obliquely semi-ovate, the upper surface 

 flattened, the lower ventricose, firmer and darker colored, continuous into the cylin- 

 drical collum ; operculum small, conic, obtuse. Peristome double, the outer of one 

 or more series of delicate irregular teeth, surrounded by a narrower adherent annulus, 

 the inner membranaceous, hyaline, 32-plicate, twisted into a truncate cone. 



Of the three described species one is found through the temperate regions of Europe, Asia and 

 North America, a second is European, and the third occurs in Java. 



1. B. aphylla, Haller. Stem a minute bulb, nearly buried in the ground, the 

 leaves resolved into hair-like processes : pedicel 7 to 10 lines high : cuticle surround- 

 ing the orifice of the capsule becoming revolute and lobed : outer peristome of a 

 single series of unequal pale yellow teeth much exceeding the brownish annulus. 

 Engl. Bot. t. 1596 ; Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 427, and vi, t. 641 ; Wilson, 

 Bryol. Brit. t. 22; Sulliv. in Gray's Man. 2 ed. t. 3; Berkeley, Brit. Moss. t. 19, 

 fig. 6 ; Fl. Dan. t. 2752, fig. 1. 



Cascade Mountains (Lyall) and probably in California ; Eastern States, Europe, and Asia. 



44. FONTINALIS, Dili. 



Floating perennials, with slender stems attached only at base, branching. Leaves 

 3-ranked, smooth, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, nerveless, entire, with linear- or narrow- 

 rhombic areolation, subscarious and shining when dry. Flowers dioacious, bud-like, 

 lateral upon the primary stem or secondary branches. Calyptra small, conic. Cap- 

 sule immersed in the perichsetium, sessile or subsessile, ovate to cylindrical, with 

 conic operculum and no annulus. Peristome double, the outer of 16 linear teeth 

 coherent at the apex in pairs and very hygroscopic, the inner of 16 alternate cilia 

 united by slender crossbars and forming a more or less perfect tessellated cone. 



Of ten known species seven are found in North America, three of them also European. 



1. F. antipyretic a, Linn. Stems 8 to 12 inches long or more, much divided : 

 leaves broadly ovate, acuminate, entire, ac.ute.ly carinate and somewhat folded, the 

 lower margin of one side reflexed, at length splitting along the keel, yellowish-green 

 becoming olive or blackish ; upper perichaetial leaves broadly oblong, rounded at the 

 apex, usually lacerate, closely embracing the ovate or ovate-oblong olive-colored cap- 

 sule : teeth dark purple, 26 - 30-jointed, nearly equalling the inner perfect blood-red 

 cone. Engl. Bot. t. 359 ; Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 429 ; Wilson, Bryol. 

 Brit. t. 22 ; Sulliv. in Gray's Man. 2 ed. t. 4 /Berkeley, Brit. Moss. t. 3, fig. 2 ; 

 Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Am.-Bor. Exsicc. 2 ed. n. 333. F. Californica, Sulliv. in 

 Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 189. 



Var. gigantea, Sulliv. A large form with the more sparingly branched stems 

 less bare below and the closely imbricated leaves very rarely blackish, the smaller 

 capsule with a shorter obtuser operculum, the shorter teeth 1 8 20-jointed and the 

 cilia united only toward the top. Icon. Muse. 106, t. 66. F. gigantea, Sulliv., 

 and F. Eatoni, Sulliv. (]), Muse. Am.-Bor. Exsicc. n. 224, 224 C . 



In rivulets in the Coast Ranges north of San Francisco (Bigelow) ; swamps (Bolander) ; alpine 

 lake near Silver Mountain (Brewer) ; Fort Colville (Lyall) ; northern Atlantic States and Europe. 

 The variety in Ruby Valley, Nevada, and Utah ( Watson), and in the eastern Atlantic States. 



