GLOSSARY. 



543 



Echinate. Beset with prickles. 



Ecostate. Without costa or miduerve. 



Edentate. Without teeth. 



Effuse. Very diH'use ; very loosely spreading. 



Eglaiididosc. Without glands. 



E later. In Hepatic, a sleuder elongated cell 

 occurring among the spores, usually contain- 

 ing one or more spiral threads. 



Ellipsoidal. Nearly elliptical ; or of solids, 

 elliptical in outline. 



Elliptical. In the form of an ellipse, oblong 

 with both ends uniformly and somewhat 

 gradually rounded. 



Emarginate. Notched at the extremity. 



Embracing. Clasping at base. 



Embryo. The rudimentary plantlet formed 

 within the seed. 



Emergent, Emersed. Raised above the water ; 

 of the capsule in mosses when barely exserted 

 from its involucral leaves. 



Endoc/irp. The inner layer of the pericarp, 

 lying next to the seed. 



Endogenous. Growing from within, instead 

 of by superficial increments, the growth ordi- 

 narily being general throughout the substance 

 of the stem. 



Endogens. Plants with an endogenous struc- 

 ture. 



Ensiform. Sword-shaped, as the leaf of an 

 Iris. 



Entire. With the margin uninterrupted, with- 

 out teeth or division of any sort. 



EpJiemeral. Lasting but a day or for a very 

 short time. 



Epi-. A Greek prefix signifying upon. 



Epidermis. The thin membrane forming the 

 outer surface of leaves and young steins. 



Epiyynous. At or upon the top of the ovary. 



Equal. Alike in size, or number, etc. ; more 

 frequently used in respect to length. 



Equitant. Astride, of conduplicate leaves which 

 fold over each other in two ranks, as in Iris. 



Erect. Upright ; perpendicular to the surface 

 of attachment. 



Etiolated. Blanched by darkness. 



En-. In Greek compounds, good, true, proper; 

 applied in sectional names to the more typical 

 division of a genus. 



Evergreen. Bearing its foliage through all the 

 seasons. 



Exalbuminius. Destitute of albumen. 



Exceed. To surpass in length. 



Excentric. Out of the centre ; one-sided. 



Excurrent. Running out, as a nerve projecting 

 beyond the apex or margin of the leaf. 



Exocarp. The outer portion of a pericarp. 



Exogenous. Growing by successive external 

 layers, as in dicotyledonous plants. 



Exogens. Plants having an exogenous structure. 



Explanate. Opened out flat. 



Exsert, Exserted. Projecting beyond an enve- 

 lope, as stamens standing out of the corolla. 



Exstipulate. Without stipules. 



Exterior. Outer. 



Extra-axillary. Growing from outside of the 

 axil. 



Extrorse. Directed outward. 



Falcate, or Falciform. Sickle-shaped ; strongly 

 curved and more or less flattened or folded. 



Farinaceous. Mealy ; containing or yielding 

 flour or starch. 



Farinose. Covered with a white mealy powder. 



Fascicle. A close bundle or cluster. 



Fascicled. Arranged in close clusters. 



Fastigiate. With branches erect, parallel and 

 near together, as in the Lombardy poplar. 



Faveolate, Favose. Pitted or honey-combed. 



Feather-veined. Pinnately veined. 



Ferruginous. Of the color of iron -rust. 



Fertile. Capable of producing fruit, as a pistil- 

 late flower ; applied also to a pollen-bearing 

 stamen. 



Fertilization of plants. The application and 

 action of pollen upon the pistil and ovule, 

 effecting fructification. 



Fibrous. Composed of threads or fibres. 



Fiddle-shaped. Obovate with a contraction or 

 sinus on each side. 



Filament. That part of the stamen which sup- 

 ports the anther ; any thread-like body. 



Filamentous. Composed of threads or filaments. 



Filiform. Thread-shaped ; long, slender and 

 terete. 



Fimbriate. Fringed with narrow processes ; 

 having the margin finely dissected. 



Fistular. Hollow and cylindrical. 



Flabellate, Flabelliform. Fan-shaped ; dilated 

 and rounded above, from a cnneate base. 



Flagellate. Producing flagella:, filiform runners 

 or runner-like branches. 



Flagclliform. Long and slender, like a whip- 

 lash. 



Flavcsccnt. Pale yellow. 



Fleshy. Succulent, juicy. 



Flexuous, or Flexuose. Bent or curving alter- 

 nately in opposite directions. 



Floccose. Bearing or clothed with locks of fine 

 hair or wool. 



Floral. Belonging to the flower. 



Floret. A small flower ; one of a head. 



Foliaceous. Leaf-like in structure and appear- 

 ance ; leafy. 



Foliate. Having leaves, as in bifoliate, etc. 



Foliolate. Having leaflets. 



Follicle. A pod, formed from a simple pistil, 

 dehiscing along the ventral suture only. 



FoHicidar. Pertaining to a follicle or like it in 

 structure. 



Foot-stalk. A petiole, pedicel, or other slender 

 support. 



Foramen. The narrow orifice at the apex of an 

 ovule. 



Forked. Bi'anching equally, or divergently. 



Foveate. Pitted ; marked by deep depressions. 



Foveolate. Diminutive of the last ; marked by 

 minute pits. 



Free. Not adnate or coherent to other organs. 



Fringed. See Fimbriale. 



Frond. The leaf of ferns ; the leaf-like expanded 

 vegetation of some Hepaticaj ; applied also to 

 the peculiar growth of the Lemnaceaj. 



Frondose. Frond-like, or bearing fronds. 



Fructification. The bearing of fruit, or the or- 

 gans concerned in the production of fruit. 



