IV PREFACE. 



many and wide in directions where they are inevitable, 

 owing to lack of existing knowledge. Only the barest 

 outlines of this great subject are, indeed, at present 

 known. I have, accordingly, striven to reveal the many 

 points concerning which we are still ignorant, as well as 

 the extent of our actual knowledge and the directions 

 in which conjectures have a more or less sure foundation. 

 Technical discussions concerning rival views, although to 

 some extent unavoidable, have been eschewed as far as 

 possible. 



Again, it must be borne in mind that this book was 

 neither intended to deal with the * Functions of the 

 Brain ' as a whole, nor with the ' Anatomy of the Brain ' 

 as a whole. Its subject is, * The Brain .as an Organ of 

 Mind ' ; the functions and the structure of this organ are, 

 therefore, each only partially studied ; and on the functional 

 side reference is made principally to those mental opera- 

 , tions whose organic bases in the brain are already known, 

 or to those the localization of which is now being made 

 the subject of experiment and discussion. 



The present work is different in its scope from any 

 hitherto published in this country. I have purposely 

 striven to embody in this one book some details concern- 

 ing all the roots from which the complex science of Mind 

 is derived, with the view of more emphatically showing its 

 many-sided origin. Neurology in its various aspects, with 

 Subjective Psychology and Objective Psychology in their 

 various subdivisions and relations, have all been, more or 

 less, discussed. On the one hand, I have attempted to set 

 forth the leading types and variations in the brains of the 

 lower animals ; and, on the other hand, to consider (by 

 the light derived from well- authenticated instances of the 

 acts of lower animals) something as to the nature and 

 degree of complexity of their mental processes. Again, it 



