CHAP. X.] THE SCOPE OF MIND. 151 



retained, their implications must from time to time be 

 amended, in order that further progress may be made more 

 easy or even possible. 



Those who take the step above indicated, will recognize 

 another truth which has been already implied. They will 

 find themselves logically compelled to depart still further 

 from commonly recognized views. On strict enquiry, it 

 will be seen that the notion that the Brain is the exclusive 

 ' organ ' of Mind can no longer be entertained. This 

 view was, indeed, too broad to be justified by the old 

 philosophy, since only a very small part of the nerve 

 actions taking place in the different ganglia entering 

 into the composition of the human brain are attended 

 by Conscious States. But, if the seat assigned to Mind 

 was formerly much wider than physiology could warrant, 

 it now, on the other hand, becomes much too narrow. 



This will be seen to be a necessary consequence of 

 including under the term ' Mind ' a multitude of the 

 unconscious nerve actions occurring in the Brain. For 

 it is impossible to draw any valid line of demarcation 

 between many unconscious nerve actions taking place in 

 the brain of man or any lower animal, and others (with 

 which they are continuously or genetically related) in the 

 spinal cord, or in any of the ganglionic masses in different 

 parts of the body. The division of the Nervous System 

 into Brain, Spinal Cord, and Sympathetic System is one 

 which, though justifiable enough on anatomical grounds, is 

 much less so from a physiological point of view. The 

 Nervous System is really one and indivisible, so that, if, 

 with certain reservations, unconscious nerve actions occur- 

 ring in the Brain are to be regarded as ' mental pheno- 

 mena,' we can find no halting point short of including 

 under the same category any unconscious nerve actions of 



