CHAP. XVIII.] POWERS Of HIGHER BRUTES. 315 



instance of this has lately been cited by Mr. Charles 

 Stewart, of Tighnduin, Perthshire. He says : * 



" A few years ago I kept a collie dog named ' Bodach ' at my 

 farm, for herding the milk cows, and who recognized the dairymaid 

 as his mistress. On her directing him to keep the cows on a Cer- 

 tain part of a field, he would lay himself down in the centre ot a 

 line fixed by him as the proper limit. Patiently and vigilantly he 

 would remain in quietness, until any of the cows passed his limit, 

 when he would swoop down on the trespasser, take her by the 

 heels, and drive her back. It was wonderful in how short a time 

 the cows came to recognize and respect the arrangement. He also 

 came to know some of the cows by name. One of them named 

 ' Aggi ' required at certain seasons to be milked oftener than the 

 others, and the dairymaid had only to say in Gaelic, ' Bodach, go 

 and bring home Aggi,' when he would start for the pasture, single 

 out Aggi, and bring her carefully home." 



The cunning of the Fox is proverbial, and often charac- 

 terized by a degree of intelligence which is not a little 

 remarkable, when we consider that it is altogether the 

 result of the creature's unaided converse with Nature 

 and certainly independent of any encouragement from 

 Man. A good example of this native intelligence is to 

 be found in the following incidents t : 



" A farmer looking out of his window one summer's morning 

 about three o'clock saw a fox crossing a field before it, carrying a 

 large duck that he had captured. On coming to a stone dyke 

 about four feet high, on the side of the field, Eeynard made 

 an effort to leap over it with his prey, but failed, and fell 

 back into the field. After making three attempts with the 

 same result he sat down and viewed the dyke for a few minutes ; 

 after apparently satisfying himself, he caught the duck by the 

 head, and standing up against the dyke with his fore-paws, as high 



* " Nature," May 1, 1879, p. 21 ; another excellent illustration 

 of the intelligence of a dog is given in " Nature," March 20, 1879, 

 p. 458. 



t" Nature," March 27, 1873, p. 410; February 27, 1879, p. 385; 

 and March 6, 1879, p. 409. 



