CHAP. XVIII.] POWERS OF HIGHER BRUTES. 321 



extraordinary attitude, that is with his trunk erect and mouth open. 

 The servant of the painter to make him retain that attitude threw 

 fruits into his mouth ; but afterwards he deceived him, which pro- 

 voked the elephant's indignation ; and, as if he had known that 

 the cause of this deception was the painter's desire of having him 

 drawn, he revenged himself on the master by throwing with his 

 trunk a great quantity of water, which spoiled the paper intended 

 for his design." 



As a well-authenticated instance of the Memory of the 

 Elephant, and of his obedience to his keeper, Swain son 

 gives the following story recorded by Captain Williamson, 

 and attested by the signatures of several persons who 

 were witnesses of the occurrence: 



" An Elephant that had been some years domesticated got loose 

 during a stormy night, and rambled into his native jungles. About 

 four years afterwards, when a large drove had been captured in the 

 ' keddah,' the keeper of the lost one, along with others of the natives, 

 had ascended the barricade of timber by which it was surrounded, 

 to inspect the new guests; among them he fancied he recognized 

 his former charge, and, though ridiculed by his comrades, he called 

 to the elephant in question by the name which it had formerly 

 borne. To the wonder of all present the animal came towards 

 him. The man, overjoyed at the event, got over the barrier, and 

 ordering the elephant to lie down to be mounted, he bestrode 

 its neck as in former times and exultingly led it forth, to the 

 admiration and surprise of all present." 



With Memory such as this, with a power of fixing its 

 Attention, with a plastic nervous system, and with a very 

 long life for each individual, the remarkable Sagacity of 

 these animals may be in a measure understood. 



High, however, as is the Intelligence of the Elephant, 

 it is unquestionably much below that of many of the 

 Quadrumana even of some whose zoological status is 

 inferior to that of the great ' man-like ' Apes. Who, that 

 has watched any of these creatures, does not know their 

 varied powers of appreciating the conditions around 



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