CHAP. XVHL] POWERS OF HIGHER BRUTES. 831 



About the middle of the last century the celebrated David 

 Hartley wrote* : " It is remarkable that Apes, whose 

 bodies resemble the human body more than those of any 

 other brute creature, and whose intellects also approach 

 nearer to ours which last circumstance may, I suppose, 

 have some connection with the first should likewise 

 resemble us so much in the faculty of imitation. Their 

 aptness in handling is plainly the result of the shape and 

 make of their fore-legs and their intellects together, as 

 in us. Their peculiar chattering may perhaps be some 

 attempt towards speech, to which they cannot attain, 

 partly from the defect in the organs ; partly, and that 

 chiefly, from the narrowness of their memories, appre- 

 hensions, and associations." 



If the anthropoid Apes, possessing as they do such a 

 well denned basis of Intelligence and Emotion, were 

 endowed with Articulate Speech, so that they might 

 benefit and mutually instruct one another even merely 

 by oral traditions and communications how great a pro- 

 gress in the degree and range of their Intelligence might 

 be expected after a few hundred generations had lived 

 under the influence of such conditions. 



* " Observations on Man," 6th Ed., 1834, p. 165. 



