CHAP. XXV.] PHRENOLOGY : OLD AND NEW. 535 



one of the animals on which he studied these effects, 

 Ferrier says :* 



"The angular g} r rus had just been cauterized on the left side, 

 with the effect of causing blindness in the right eye alone, and 

 without any affection of hearing or the other senses. The superior 

 temporo-sphenoidal convolution was then exposed and cauterized 

 on both sides, the lesion, as was ascertained post-mortem, being 

 confined to this region. After complete recovery from the opera- 

 tion, the various senses and powers of voluntary motion were tested 

 repeatedly. Touch, taste, and smell were perfect; and sight, as 

 indicated by the animal's perfect freedom of movement and ability 

 to find its food and drink, practically unimpaired twenty-four hours 

 after the operation. As regards hearing it was difficult to devise 

 a satisfactory test owing to the alertness of the animal, and the 

 attention that it gave to everything around it. A loud sound close 

 beside it caused a start, which, however, could not be taken as a 



test of hearing proper as distinguished from reflex actionsf 



In order to avoid attracting its attention by sight, I retired behind 

 the dcor and watched the animal through a chink, while it sat 

 comfortably before the fire. When all was still I called loudly, 

 whistled, knocked, &c., without attracting the animal's attention 

 to the source of the sound, though it was sitting perfectly awake 

 and looking around. On my cautiously approaching it, it remained 

 unaware of my proximity, until I came within the field of vision, 

 when it started suddenly and made grimaces as if in terror or alarm. 

 On repeating these tests when the monkey was sitting quietly 

 along with a companion monkey whose powers of hearing were un- 

 questionable, the companion invariably became startled at the 

 sounds, and came peering curiously to ascertain their origin, while 

 the other remained quite still." 



In regard to the seat of the ' perceptive centre ' for the 

 sense of Smell we have anatomical indications of great 

 value. The connection of the ' olfactory tract,' with the 



* "Functions of the Brain," p. 174. 



f These startings produced by near noises are, as Ferrier very 

 justly says, " to be regarded as reflex phenomena of the same 

 nature as those observed by Flourens, in the case of pigeons 

 deprived of their hemispheres, when a pistol was fired close to the 

 head." 



