580 WILL AND 



thence downwards to the motor nuclei and motor nerves, but 

 through the basal ganglia directly " (p. 215). 



The suggestion here made that the ' way out ' from the 

 cerebral cortex is different in the case of Voluntary from 

 what it is in Ideo-motor Movements has never been 

 proved, and is directly contra -indicated by all that we 

 know concerning Speech and its defects. The few difficult 

 phenomena to be explained in reference to Emotion as an 

 instigator, in cases where Speech is otherwise lost, does not 

 warrant the statement above made that in Ideo-motor and 

 Emotional Acts generally the 'way out' is "through the 

 basal ganglia directly." This statement is, to say the 

 least, hypothetical and vague ; nor is it correct to say that 

 revived impressions " can throw the automatic apparatus 

 of movement into action just as well as immediate or 

 present impressions." They are proverbially weaker, and, 

 therefore, less potent incitors of Movement. And, unless 

 the supposition that there is a distinct way out for Ideo- 

 motor and Emotional Stimuli is better founded than it 

 appears to be, they could not act at all in the case sup- 

 posed. Dr. Ferrier must either make all these points 

 much clearer, or else he must give up the attempt to 

 explain a fact so damaging to his hypothesis as that of 

 the recovery of motor power in the dog after the removal 

 of what he regards as its "voluntary motor centres." 

 The close relationship existing between the Voluntary and 

 Ideo-motor modes of stimulation to Movement, does not 

 seem to have been adequately appreciated by Ferrier. 



Again, he says : 



(6.) " A dog, therefore, deprived of its cortical motor centres may 

 yet be capable of spontaneous action and co-ordinated locomotion fl 

 under the influence of present or past impressions, or of emotional 

 states. Only such movements, however, will be excited as have 

 been automatically organized in the corpora striata. The move- 



