CHAP. XXVI.] VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS. 581 



ments of locomotion having become automatic may thus be easily 

 effected, and the dog may be able to walk with as much apparent 

 steadiness as before." 



(7.) "The Corpus Striatum is the centre in which movements 

 primarily dependent on Yolition proper tend to become organized " 

 (p. 214). 



(8.) " It may be confidently asserted, and perhaps it may be one 

 day resolved by experiment, that any special tricks of movement 

 which a dog may have learnt would be as effectually paralyzed by 

 removal of the cortical centres as the varied and complex move- 

 ments of the arm and hand of the monkey by the same lesion.* 

 Such forms of activity " as are not habitual, and have not become 

 automatic, would be rendered impossible " (p. 215). 



There are good reasons for believing, that no such defi- 

 nite distinctions exist between Voluntary and Automatic 

 Movements as are postulated by Ferrier. It seems not 

 only unnecessary but altogether unphilosophical to look 

 for the nervous ' organizations ' pertaining to Voluntary 

 Movements in centres altogether apart from those in which 

 Automatic Movements are ' organized.' The Voluntary 

 Movements of one set of generations tend to become the 

 Automatic Movements of remote progeny in subsequent 

 generations. In the intervening periods less and less will 

 depend upon higher Cerebral Influence or, in other words, 

 upon Intellectual guidance. 



Ferrier* seems to us to start with a fundamental mis- 

 conception in supposing, in reference to Cortical Centres, 

 that those " immediately concerned in effecting volitional 

 movements" are " as such truly motor" ; or that because 

 Voluntary Movements are paralyzed after the destruction 

 of these parts, we have in this fact evidence to show that 

 they are " motor centres." If ' Will ' or Volitional Stimuli 

 are not altogether independent and self-begotten entities 

 and this Dr. Ferrier is far from believing they can only 



* Loc. cit. p. 2CO. 



